divisionv欧洲文化入门复习脉络

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1、第五章复习脉络I、Thefirsttimetolookatmen'splaceintheUniversestartedinthe17thcentury.2>Inmodernism,men'spositionintheuniversewaslookedatinafreshnewway.3、Theworldoutlookofeducatedmenwastransformed・Therewasaprofound（j采远白勺）changeintheconceptionofmen'splaceintheuniverse•（人在宇'由屮的位.置）4

2、^The17thcenturyphilosophywasfocusonmaterialistinnature.5>17thcenturyScience:☆physics☆mathematics☆chemistrybiologypsychology6^Themodernworld,sofarasmentaloutlookisconcerned,beginsinthe17thcentury•现代世界从何时开始7>Kepler'sLawsformedthebasisofallmodemplanetaryastronomyandledtoNew

3、ton'sdiscoveryofthelawsofgravitation8、thelawsofgravitation（万有引力的内容）:thesun,themoon,theearth,theplanets,andalltheotherbodies（天体）intheuniversemoveinaccordancewiththesamebasicforce,whichiscallgravitation.9^FrancisBacon^sworks►TheAdvancementofLearning►TheNewAtlantis>TheNovum

4、Organum（NewMethod）Essays（《散文集》）10>EssaysarcBacon'smostwidelyreadwork・58essayswereincluded・II、FrancisBacon①Knowledgeispower.（知识就是力量）②Virtueislikepreciousodours—mostfragrantwhentheyarcincensedorcrushed・品德像宝贵的气味一当被压碎或焚香时很芳香（3）Somebooksarctobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andso

5、mefcwtobechewedanddigested.④Readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.（纯粹的人）读书可以使人成竹在胸⑤Historiesmakemenwise.（学史可以使人明智!⑥Wivesarcyoungmen'smistresses,companionsforthemiddle-aged,andoldmerfsnurses.12、TomasHobbes>Leviathan13>theGreatInstaurationtobreakwi

6、ththepast,andtorestoremantohislostmasteryofthenaturalworld.ThiswaswhatBaconcalledtheGreatInstauration.（大恢复理论）14、InductivemethodInductivemethodwasestablishedbyFrancisBaconin17thcentury・Inductionmeansreasoning（扌隹理）fromparticularfactsorindividualeasestoageneralconclusion.（从

7、特殊扌隹一般）.InductionwasputoveragainstDeductivemethod・15>Allourideasarcultimatelyderivedfromsensation（感受）orfromreflection（反思）andthesetwomakeupexperienceandallourknowledgespringsfromexperienceaswell.16>Lockealsobelievedthattherulerofgovernmentisonepartnerofthesocialcontract•（

8、是社会契约的签约方）、17、Hobbes>absoluteMonarchy（君主制）Locke►ConstitutionalMonarchy（君主立宪制）18、TheEnglishRevolutionisa