欧洲文化入门复习重点

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1、Introduction1、TherearemanyelementsconstitutingEuropeanCulture.2、Therearetwomajorelements:Greco-RomanelementandJudeo-Christianelement.TherichnessofEuropeanCulturewascreatedbyGreco-RomanelementandJudeo-Christianelement.DivisionOne：GreekCultureandRomanCul

2、ture1、The5thcenturyclosedwithcivilwarbetweenAthensSparta.2、TheeconomyofAthensrestedonanimmenseamountofslavelabour.3、AncientGreece’sepicswascreatedbyHomer.4、TheHomer’sepicsconsistedofIliadandOdyssey.5、DramainAncientGreecewasflouredinthe5thcenturyB.C.6、T

3、hreemastersintragedy三大悲剧大师①AeschylusPrometheusBound—→ShellyPrometheusUnbound②SophoclesOedipustheKing—→Freud’s“theOedipuscomplex”(恋母情结)—→DavidHerbertLawrence’sSonsandlovers③EuripidesA．TrojanWomenB．Heisthefirstwriterof“problemplays”(社会问题剧)C．Realismcanbet

4、racedbacktotheAncientGreece，tobespecific,Euripides.7、TheonlyrepresentativeofGreekcomedyisAristophanes.Aristophaneswritesaboutnature.8、History(Historicalwriting)“FatherofHistory”—→Herodotus—→war(betweenGreeksandPersians)“thegreatesthistorianthateverlive

5、d.”—→Thucydides—→war(betweenSpartaandAthens)9、①Euclid’sElements解析几何ItwasinuseinEnglishschoolsuntiltheearlyyearsofthe20thcentury.②ArchimedesHisworklaidbasisfornotonlygeometry几何学,butalsoarithmetic算术,mechanics机械,andhydrostatics.流体静力学“Givemeaplacetostand,a

6、ndIwillmovetheworld”.（Archimedes）10、ThemeltingbetweenRomanCultureandGreekCulture.(罗马征服希腊的标志)From146B.C.,LatinwasthelanguageofthewesternhalfoftheRomanEmpire,andGreekthatoftheeasternhalf.BothLatinandGreekbelongtoIndo-Europeanlanguage.11、Thedividingrangei

7、ntheRomanhistoryrefersto27B.C.12、Theyear27B.C.DividedtheRomanhistoryintotwoperiods:republicandempire.13、TheideaofRepubliccanbetracedbacktoPlato’srepublic.14、IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions(罗马

8、军团)15、IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasknownasPaxRomana.(神圣罗马帝国)16、IntheRomanhistory,therecametwohundredyearsofpeacefultime,whichwasguaranteedbytheRomanlegions,itwasknownasPaxRomana17、TheRomanLawprotected