语言学08--Chapter Eight Language in Use5

《语言学08--Chapter Eight Language in Use5》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、ChapterEightLanguageinUse21.DefinitionofPragmaticsThestudyoflanguageinuse.Thestudyofmeaningincontext.Thestudyofspeakers’meaning,utterancemeaning,&contextualmeaning.3Speaker’smeaning(Afatheristryingtogethis3-year-olddaughtertostopliftingupherdresstodisplayhernewunderweartotheassemble.)Fa

2、ther:Wedon’tDOthat.Daughter:IKNOW,Daddy.Youdon’tWEARdresses.4UtteranceMeaningvs.SentenceMeaningUtterancevs.SentenceSentence:abstractunitsofthelanguagesystem.Utterance:unitsoflanguageinuse.5Sentencemeaning:WhatdoesXmean?Utterancemeaning:WhatdoyoumeanbyX?Dog!Mybagisheavy.“Janet!Donkeys!”(D

3、avidCopperfield)6It’scoldinhere.7ContextualMeaning:meaningincontextThemeaningofthesentencedependsonwhothespeakeris,whotheheareris,whenandwhereitisused.ItwasahotChristmasdaysowewentdowntothebeachintheafternoonandhadagoodtimeswimmingandsurfing.8Semanticmeaning:themoreconstant,inherentsideo

4、fmeaningPragmaticmeaning:themoreindeterminate,themorecloselyrelatedtocontext91.A:Areyougoingtotheseminar?B:It’sonlinguistics.2.A:Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?B:Coffeewouldkeepmeawake.3.A:我带的钱不够，今天买不了。B:那就下次再买吧。102.SpeechActTheoryJohnAustin(1911-1960)HowtoDoThingswithWords(1962)speechacts:actio

5、nsperformedviautterances11Constativesvs.performativesConstatives:utteranceswhichroughlyservestostateafact,reportthatsomethingisthecase,ordescribewhatsomethingis,eg:IgototheparkeverySunday.IteachEnglish.12Performatives:utteranceswhichareusedtoperformacts,donotdescribeorreportanythingatall

6、;theutteringofthesentenceisthedoingofanaction;theycannotbesaidtobetrueorfalse.Performativeverbs:name,bet,etc.13Ido.InamethisshipQueenElizabeth.Ibetyousixpenceitwillraintomorrow.Igiveandbequeathmywatchtomybrother.Ipromisetofinishitintime.Iapologize.Ideclarethemeetingopen.Iwarnyouthatthebu

7、llwillcharge.14Felicityconditions:A.(i)Theremustbearelevantconventionalprocedure.(ii)therelevantparticipantsandcircumstancesmustbeappropriate.B.Theproceduremustbeexecutedcorrectlyandcompletely.C.Veryoften,therelevantpeoplemusthavetherequisitethoughts,feelingsandintentions