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1、ChapterNine LanguageandLiteratureLiterarystylistics(文学文体学):Itisthepartoflinguisticsthatstudiesthelanguageofliterature.Itfocusesonthestudyoflinguisticfeaturesrelatedtoliterarystyle.1.ForegroundingThe1960dreamofhighriselivingsoonturnedintoanightmare.Fourstoreysh
2、avenowindowslefttosmashButinthefifthachippedsillbuttressesMotheranddaughterthelastmistressesOfthatblackblockcondemnedtostand,notcrash.Thered-hairedwoman,smiling,wavingtothedisappearingshore.Sheleftthemaharajah;sheleftinnumerableotherlightso’passingloveintownsa
3、ndcitiesandtheatresandrailwaystationsallovertheworld.ButMelchiorshedidnotleave.1.1Whatis‘foregrounding’?FrankHakemulder&WillievanPeer:Inapurelylinguisticsense,theterm'foregrounding'isusedtorefertonewinformation,incontrasttoelementsinthesentencewhichformtheback
4、groundagainstwhichthenewelementsaretobeunderstoodbythelistener/reader.Inthewidersenseofstylistics,textlinguistics,andliterarystudies,itisatranslationoftheCzechaktualisace(actualization),atermcommonwiththePragueStructuralists.Inthissenseithasbecomeaspatialmetap
5、hor:thatofaforegroundandabackground,whichallowsthetermtoberelatedtoissuesinperceptionpsychology,suchasfigure/groundconstellations.TheEnglishterm'foregrounding'hascometomeanseveralthingsatonce:the(psycholinguistic)processesbywhich-duringthereadingact-somethingm
6、aybegivenspecialprominencespecificdevices(asproducedbytheauthor)locatedinthetextitself.Itisalsoemployedtoindicatethespecificpoeticeffectonthereader.ananalyticcategoryinordertoevaluateliterarytexts,ortosituatethemhistorically,ortoexplaintheirimportanceandcultur
7、alsignificance.todifferentiateliteraturefromothervarietiesoflanguageuse,suchaseverydayconversationsorscientificreports.Thusthetermcoversawideareaofmeaning.Thismayhaveitsadvantages,butmayalsobeproblematic:whichoftheabovemeaningsisintendedmustoftenbededucedfromt
8、hecontextinwhichthetermisused.1.2DevicesofForegroundingOutsideliterature,sotheassumptiongoes,languagetendstobeautomatized;itsstructuresandmeaningsareusedroutinely.Withinliterature,
