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1、Chapter9Languageandculture语言与文化知识点：1.*Definition:culture;culturaldiffusion2.Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture3.#Sapir-WhorfHypothesis4.*Linguisticevidenceofculturaldifferences5.Culturaloverlapanddiffusion考核目标：识记：Definition:culture;culturaldiffusion领会
2、：Culturaloverlapanddiffusion;Sapir-WhorfHypothesis;Linguisticevidenceofculturaldifferences简单应用：Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture一、定义1.Culture文化：includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguagethatcharacterizesthelifeof
3、thehumancommunity.由信仰，风俗，目标，机构，技术和语言构成，具有人类社区生活的特征。2.Culturaldiffusion文化扩散：throughcommunication,someelementsofcultureAentercultureBandbecomepartofcultureB.通过交际，A文化中的某些成分进入了B文化，并成为了B文化的一部分。二、知识点9.2whatisculture?Culture文化：includingthepatternsofbelief,customs,
4、objects,institutions,techniques,andlanguagethatcharacterizesthelifeofthehumancommunity.由信仰，风俗，目标，机构，技术和语言构成，具有人类社区生活的特征。Twotypesofculture:1.materialculture物质文化：isconcrete,substantialandobservable.具体的，实质的，可观察到的（e.g.意识文化、信念、价值观，时空概念）2.spiritualculture精神文化：isa
5、bstract,implicit,andhidden.抽象的，多义的，不可见的。9.3therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture语言与文化的关系1.languageisapartofculture2.languageistheprimarymeansforculturaltransmission文化传播3.somelinguisticdifferencesareduetoculturaldifferences4.Variouscultureswillhavediffere
6、ntresponses反映tothesameword.Theonehand,languageisanintegralpartofhumanbeingpermeateshisthinkingandwayofviewingworld.Ontheother,language,asasystemofspokenorwrittensymbolsusedbypeopleinasharedculturetocommunicatewitheachother,reflectsandaffectsaculture’swayoft
7、hinkingandhelpsperpetuateandchangethecultureanditsinfluence,whichalsofacilitatesthedevelopmentsofthislanguageatthesametime.一方面，语言作为人类密不可分的一部分，渗入了他的思想和世界观，既表达了文化现实，也体现了文化现实。在另一方面，语言作为文化的产物，也有助于文化的恒定，而且，语言运用中的变体也反过来反映了文化的变化。9.4Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫假说1.l
8、inguisticrelativity语言相对论：EdwardSapirandBenjaminWhorf,proclaimedthatthestructureofthelanguagepeoplehabituallyuseinfluencesthewaystheythinkandbehave,i.e.differentlanguagesofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpres
