新编简明英语语言学 Chapter 11 Second language acquisition.doc

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1、Chapter11Secondlanguageacquisition第二语言习得知识点：1.*Definition:secondlanguageacquisition;overgeneralization;interlanguage2.Connectionsbetweenfirstandsecondlanguageacquisition3.Contrastiveanalysis4.*Erroranalysis5.Characteristicsofinterlanguage6.*Krashen’sInputHypothesis7.IndividualDi

2、fferencesinsecondlanguageacquisition:languageaptitude;motivation;#learningstrategies考核目标：识记：Definition:secondlanguageacquisition;overgeneralization;interlanguage领会：Connectionsbetweenfirstandsecondlanguageacquisition;Contrastiveanalysis;Erroranalysis;Characteristicsofinterlanguag

3、e;IndividualDifferencesinsecondlanguageacquisition简单应用：Krashen’sInputHypothesis一、定义1.SecondLanguageAcquisition(SLA)第二语言习得：referstothesystematicstudyofhowonepersonacquiresasecondlanguagesubsequenttohisnativelanguage.指一个人在习得其母语之后是如何习得一门第二语言系统的研究。2.overgeneralization过度概括:theuseofpr

4、eviouslyavailablestrategiesinnewsituations.将以前适用的策略运用于新的场合。3.interlanguage中介语：learners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguagewhichisofneitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuumorapproximationfromhisnativelanguagetothetargetlanguage.它既不是本族语，也不是第二语言，而是一个处于本族语和目的语之间的连

5、续体或临界体。一、知识点11.2Connectionsbetweenfirstlanguageacquisitionandsecondlanguageacquisition第一语言习得与第二语言习得之间的联系1.WhiletheL1isacquiredsubconsciously,theL2orFLismorecommonlylearnedconsciously.2.InacquiringtheirL1childrenalwaysconcentrateonmeaning.TheL2learnersconcentrateoncodestructure.3

6、.Onelearnershisdirectlyfromreality.TheL2islearntinmanageablesequence4.InL1achildrenapplytherulessubconsciouslywhiletheL2learners,afteraperiodoftrainingareabletoverbalizetherules.Interlanguage(IL)语言石化现象：中介语fossilization的主要特征之一(指错误或不地道的表达)11.3Contrastiveanalysis(CA)对比分析(1960s)nati

7、velanguage本族语被认为是造成在学习第二语言或外语中缺乏成功的主要原因，人们在迁移和负迁移之间做出了区分：Positivetransfer迁移----facilitatetargetlanguagelearning促进目的语的学习Negativetransfer负迁移----interfereorhindertargetlanguagelearning干扰目的语的学习Itisbelievedthatdifferencesbetweenthenativelanguageandthetargetlanguagewouldposedifficulti

8、esinsecond/foreignlanguagelearningandteaching,本