新编简明英语语言学 Chapter 10 Language acquisition

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1、Chapter10Languageacquisition语言习得知识点：1.*Definition:languageacquisition;overextention;telegraphicspeech2.*Theoriesofchildlanguageacquisition:behavioristview;innatistview;interactionistview3.Cognitivefactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment4.TheCriticalPeriodHypothesis5.*Stag

2、esinchildlanguagedevelopment考核目标：识记：Definition:languageacquisition;overextention;telegraphicspeech领会：Cognitivefactorsinchildlanguagedevelopment;TheCriticalPeriodHypothesis;Stagesinchildlanguagedevelopment简单应用：Theoriesofchildlanguageacquisition:behavioristview;innati

3、stview;interactionistview一、定义1.Languageacquisition语言习得----referstothechild’sacquisitionofhismothertongue,i.e.howthechildcomestounderstandandspeakthelanguageofhiscommunity.指儿童对其母语的习得，也就是儿童是如何逐渐理解和说其社区的语言。2.Over-extension过分延伸：basedonboththeextensionofcategories['kætɪg

4、(ə)rɪz]（appleforallfruit）oranalogies(appleforanythinground)andtheextensionoffamilyresemblances(儿童称所有成人为daddy).过分延伸是基于范畴或类比的延伸，和族相似的延伸。3.telegraphicspeech电报式语言：aroundtheageoftwo,childrenbegintoproducetwo-wordutterances.Thiskindofspeechcontainscontentwordswhichprovide

5、listenerswithsomeinformationandlackofthefunctionelements,orfunctionwordswhichbythemselvestellnothing.在两岁左右的时候，儿童开始发出两个词的话语.。这种语言包括给予我们信息，但缺乏功能成分的实词，或者其自身不能告诉我们任何东西的功能词。一、知识点10.2Theoriesofchildlanguageacquisition儿童语言习得的理论✿10.2.1Abehavioristviewoflanguageacquisition[,

6、ækwɪ'zɪʃ(ə)n]行为主义者的语言习得观(代表人物：B.F.Skinners)Traditionalbehavioristsviewlanguageasbehaviorandbelievethatlanguagelearningissimplyamatterofimitationandhabitformation.传统的行为主意者把语言看作是行为，并且相信语言学习仅仅是简单的模仿和习惯形成。Languageinputthelearnerimitation语言输入学习者模仿:Stimulus刺激物（语言）——organi

7、s有机体（学习者）——response反应（模仿）Fourstepsforachildrentoacquire获得：Imitation模仿→repetition重复→habituation熟练——good(correct)/bad(error)Theinadequacyofbehavioristviewliesinexplaininghowchildrenacquirecomplexlanguagesystem.行为主义观点的不足在于解释儿童语言获得复杂系统。✿10.2.2Aninnatistviewoflanguageacq

8、uisition（byChomsky)语法天生主义者的语言学习观（内在主意观念）Accordingtotheinnatistviewoflanguageacquisition,humanbeingsarebiologicallyprogrammedforlanguageand