语言学教程chapter6-language-and-cognition课件.ppt

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1、6.3whatiscognitivelinguistics?3.CognitiveLinguisticsCognitionisthewaywethink.Cognitivelinguisticsisthescientificstudyoftherelationbetweenthewaywecommunicateandthewaywethink.Itisanapproachtolanguagethatisbasedonourexperienceoftheworldandthewayweperceiveandconceptualizeit.3.

2、1Construalandconstrualoperations识解与识解操作Construal:theabilitytoconceiveandportraythesamesituationindifferentways识解操作方式1.Attention/salience注意&突显Weactivatethemostrelevantconceptsmorethanconceptsthatareirrelevanttowhatwearethinkingabout.Wedrovetheroad.Sheranacrosstheroad.Thewo

3、rkersdugthroughtheroad.2.Judgment/Comparison判断&比较Wecannotattendtoallfacetsofasceneatthesametime.Wecannotpayattentiontoeverything.Instead,wefocusoneventsofparticularsalience.Figure-groundorganizationThegroundseemstobeplacedbehindthefigureextendinginthebackground.Thefigureis

4、thusmoreprominent,orevenmoreinteresting,thantheground.Figure-groundreversal3.Perspective/situatedness视点&观察者位置Perspectivegenerallydependsontwothings.wherewearesituatedinrelationtothescenewe'reviewing.howthesceneisarrangedinrelationtooursituatedness情境性.Themanisinfrontofthetr

5、ee.Thetreeisbehindtheman.3.2Categorization范畴化TheprocessofclassifyingourexperiencesintodifferentcategoriesbasedoncommonalitiesanddifferencesAmajoringredientinthecreationofhumanknowledgeAllowsustorelatepresentexperiencestopastonesThreelevels:basiclevelsuperordinatelevelsubor

6、dinatelevel.BasiclevelSuperordinatelevelAnimalHorseDogCatChihuahuaGermandachshundshepherdSubordinatelevelVerticalorganization3.3ImageSchema意象图示Johnson,Mark.1987.Thebodyinthemind:Thebodilybasisofmeaning,imagination,andreason.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.Anima

7、ge-schemaisa“skeletal”mentalrepresentationofarecurrentpatternofembodied(especiallyspatialorkinesthetic[ˌkaɪnɪs'θetɪk]肌肉运动知觉的)experience.Theyarehighlyschematicrepresentationsofperceptuallygroundedexperience.Theyemergefromourembodiedinteractionswiththeworld.Center-periphery[

8、pə‘rɪfərɪ]schema中心-边缘图示Involvesaphysicalormetaphoricalcoreandedge,anddegreesofdistancefro