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1、ACourseonLinguisticsforStudentsofEnglish--ChengZhenquanSchoolofForeignStudies,SCNUTheGoalsforthisCourselTogetascientificviewonlanguage;lTounderstandsomebasictheoriesonlinguistics;lTounderstandtheapplicationsofthelinguistictheories,especiallyinthefieldsoflanguageteaching&learning(SLAorTEFL),cros
2、s-culturalcommunication……;lToprepareforthefutureresearchwork.TheRequirementsforthiscourselClassattendancelClassroomdiscussionlFulfillmentoftheassignmentlExaminationReferenceBooksl戴炜栋，何兆熊，(2002)，《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。l胡壮麟，(2001)，《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。l刘润清，(1995)，《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。lFromkin,V.&R.Ro
3、dman,(1998),AnIntroductiontoLanguagethesixthedition,Orlando,Florida:Holt,Ranehart&Winston,Inc.Chapter1.Introduction1.Whatislanguage?Languagecanmeanlwhatapersonsays(e.g.badlanguage,expressions)lthewayofspeakingorwriting(e.g.Shakespeare’slanguage,Luxun’slanguage)laparticularvarietyorlevelofspeech
4、orwriting(e.g.languageforspecialpurpose,colloquiallanguage)ltheabstractsystemunderlyingthetotalityofthespeech/writingbehaviorofacommunity(e.g.Chineselanguage,firstlanguage)lthecommonfeaturesofallhumanlanguages(e.g.Hestudieslanguage)latoolforhumancommunication.(socialfunction)lasetofrules.(rule-
5、governed)Sapir’sdefinition(1921)l“Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.”Hall’sdefinition(1968)lLanguageis“theinstitutionwherebyhumanscommunicateandinteractwitheachotherbymeansofhabituallyusedoral-auditoryarbitra
6、rysymbols.”Chomsky’sdefinition(1957)l“FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeasetof(finiteorinfinite)sentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.”Languagecanbegenerallydefinedasasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.LanguageisasystemlSystematic----rule-govern
7、ed,elementsinitarearrangedaccordingtocertainrules;can’tbecombinedatwill.e.g.*bkli,*Iappleeat.LanguageisarbitrarylArbitrary----nointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthethingitdenotes,e.g.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewit
