新编简明英语语言学教程

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1、....新编简明英语语言学教程ChapteroneIntroduction一、定义1.语言学LinguisticsLinguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.普通语言学GeneralLinguisticsThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.3.语言languageLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhum

2、ancommunication.语言是人类用来交际的任意性的有声符号体系。4.识别特征DesignFeaturesItreferstothedefiningpopertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.语言识别特征是指人类语言区别与其他任何动物的交际体系的限定性特征。Arbitrariness任意性Productivity多产性Duality双重性.word资料可编辑.....Displacement移位性Cult

3、uraltransmission文化传递⑴arbitrarinessThereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds.P.Sthearbitrarynatureoflanguageisasignofsophisticationanditmakesitpossibleforlanguagetohaveanunlimitedsourceofexpressions⑵ProductivityAnimalsarequitelimitedinthemessagestheyarea

4、bletosend.⑶DualityLanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.⑷DisplacementLanguagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker.⑸CulturaltransmissionHumancapacityforlanguagehasageneticbasis,butwehavetobetaughtandle

5、arnedthedetailsofanylanguagesystem.thisshowedthatlanguageisculturallytransmitted.notbyinstinct.animalsarebornwiththecapacitytoproducethesetofcallspeculiartotheirspecies.5.语言能力Competence.word资料可编辑.....Competenceistheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.6.语

6、言运用performancePerformanceistheactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.语言运用是所掌握的规则在语言交际中的体现。7.历时语言学DiachroniclinguisticsThestudyoflanguagechangethroughtime.adiachronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy,whichstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflangua

7、geoveraperiodoftime.8.共时语言学SynchronicallinguisticsThestudyofagivenlanguageatagiventime.9.语言langueTheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.10.言语paroleTherealizationoflangueinactualuse.11.规定性PrescriptiveItaimstolaydownrulesfor”correct”behavi

8、or,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhatshouldnotsay.12.描述性DescriptiveAlinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeople.word资料可编辑.....actuallyuse.二、知识点1.languageis