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ID:25347150
大小:117.50 KB
页数:14页
时间:2018-11-19
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1、.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.GeneralLinguistics:ThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.DesignFeatures:Itreferstothedefiningpopertiesofhumanla
2、nguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.Linguistics:Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.Thescopeoflinguistics:Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledgenerallinguistics.(普通语言学)Thestu
3、dyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcommunication,iscalledphonetics.(语音学)Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.(音系学)Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorphology.(形态学)Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsen
4、tencesiscalledsyntax(句法学)Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.(语义学)Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.(语用学)Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsocio-linguistics.(社会语言学)Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofmindiscalledpsycho-linguistics.
5、(心理语言学)1.宽式音标BroadtranscriptionThetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithlettersymbolsonly.2.窄式音标NarrowtranscriptionThetranscriptionofspeechsoundwithletterssymbolsandthediacritics.3.清音VoicelessWhenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothroughwithoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproduce
6、dinsuchaconditionarecalledvoicelesssounds.4.浊音VoicingSoundsproducedwhilethevocalcordsarevibratingarecalledvoicedsounds.5.元音VowelThesoundsintheproductionofwhichnoarticulatorscomeveryclosetogetherandtheairstreampassesthroughthevocaltractwithoutobstructionarecalledvowels.6.辅音Conson
7、antsThesoundsintheproductionofwhichthereisanobstructionoftheairstreamatsomepointofthevocaltractarecalledconsonants.7.音位PhonemeThebasicunitinphonology,it’sacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.8.音位变体AllophonesDifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentenvironmentsareca
8、lledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.9.音素phoneAphonet
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