新编简明英语语言学教程整理

《新编简明英语语言学教程整理》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

1、Linguistics：Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.GeneralLinguistics：ThestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalledGenerallinguistics.language：Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.DesignFeatures：Itreferstothedefini

2、ngpopertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.Linguistics：Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butlanguagesingeneral.Thescopeoflinguistics：Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisof

3、tencalledgenerallinguistics.(普通语言学)Thestudyofsounds,whichareusedinlinguisticcommunication,iscalledphonetics.（语音学）Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.（音系学）Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsarecalledmorp

4、hology.（形态学）Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax（句法学）Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.（语义学）Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.（语用学）Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsocio-linguistics.

5、（社会语言学）Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetotheworkingofmindiscalledpsycho-linguistics.（心理语言学）1.宽式音标BroadtranscriptionThetranscriptionofspeechsoundswithlettersymbolsonly.2.窄式音标NarrowtranscriptionThetranscriptionofspeechsoundwithletterssymbolsandthediacritics.3.清

6、音VoicelessWhenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothroughwithoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproducedinsuchaconditionarecalledvoicelesssounds.4.浊音VoicingSoundsproducedwhilethevocalcordsarevibratingarecalledvoicedsounds.5.元音VowelThesoundsintheproductionof

7、whichnoarticulatorscomeveryclosetogetherandtheairstreampassesthroughthevocaltractwithoutobstructionarecalledvowels.6.辅音ConsonantsThesoundsintheproductionofwhichthereisanobstructionoftheairstreamatsomepointofthevocaltractarecalledconsonants.7.音位PhonemeThebasi

8、cunitinphonology,it’sacollectionofdistinctivephoneticfeatures.8.音位变体AllophonesDifferentphoneswhichcanrepresentaphonemeindifferentenvironmentsarecalledtheallophonesofthatphoneme.9.音素phoneAphoneti