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时间:2020-09-07
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1、Chapter2SpeechSoundsThethreemainareasofthestudyofsoundsArticulatoryphoneticsisthestudyoftheproductionofspeechsoundsAcousticphoneticsisthestudyofthephysicalpropertiesofspeechsoundsPerceptualorauditoryphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsoundsSpeechproductionandperception(P.24)Inaconversati
2、on:TopicSpeakerASpeakerBSpeakerCAspeakercanarticulatethespeechsounds.Thespeechsoundscanbetransmittedandreceivedbythelistener.2.1SpeechOrgans(P.25-26)SpeechOrgans(Chineseversion)Thefollowingorgansareinvolvedinspeechproduction:Mouth,Trachea[trә’ki:ә],Throat,Nose,lungs(肺,气管,喉,鼻,口)SpeechOrgans1.2TheIP
3、AIn1886,thePhoneticTeachers’AssociationwasinauguratedbyasmallgroupoflanguageteachersinFrancewhohadfoundthepracticeofphoneticsusefulintheirteachingandwishedtopopularizetheirmethods.ItwaschangedtoitspresenttitleoftheInternationalPhoneticAssociation(IPA)in1897.InternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)Oneoft
4、hefirstactivitiesoftheAssociationwastoproduceajournalinwhichthecontentswereprintedentirelyinphonetictranscription.TheideaofestablishingaphoneticalphabetwasfirstproposedbytheDanishgrammarianandphoneticianOttoJespersen(1860-1943)in1886,andthefirstversionoftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(theIPAchart
5、)waspublishedinAugust1888.Itsmainprincipleswerethatthereshouldbeaseparateletterforeachdistinctivesound,andthatthesamesymbolshouldbeusedforthatsoundinanylanguageinwhichitappears.ThealphabetwastoconsistofasmanyRomanalphabetlettersaspossible,usingnewlettersanddiacriticsonlywhenabsolutelynecessary.The
6、seprinciplescontinuetobefollowedtoday.PhonetictranscriptionWhydopeopleneedphonetictranscription?1.TherearemanyaccentsofEnglishusedbypeoplefromdifferentregions.2.Thedivergencebetweenspellingandpronunciationbecomesgreater.Whatisthedefinition?Phonetictranscriptionisasetofsymbolspeopleusetorecordtheso
7、undsofthewritingsystemofthelanguage.Theinternationalphoneticalphabet(P.28)2.2Consonantsandvowels(p.29-37)Consonantsaresoundsmadebyaclosureornarrowinginthevocaltractsothattheairflowiseithercompletelyblocked,orsore
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