语言学-language-and-society

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1、7.2LanguageandSocietyLanguageisnotalwaysusedtoexchangeinformationasisgenerallyassumed,butratheritissometimesusedtofulfillanimportantsocialfunction–tomaintainsocialrelationshipbetweenpeople.7.2.1Howdoeslanguagerelatetosociety?Howdoeslanguagerelatetosociety1）Usersofthes

2、amelanguageinasenseallspeakdifferently.Whateachofthemchoosestouseisinpartdeterminedbyone’ssocialbackground.HowdoeslanguagerelatetosocietyWhenwespeakwecannotavoidgivingourlistenerscluesaboutouroriginandourbackground.语言的社会属性1．年龄2．性别3．社会阶层4．集团用语(1)行话、单位用语(2)专业用语(3)术语(4)隐

3、语(5)黑话三句不离本行Howdoeslanguagerelatetosociety2）Thesocialenvironmentcanalsobereflectedinlanguage,andcanoftenhaveaneffectonthestructureandthevocabulary.Forexample,asociety'skinshipsystemisgenerallyreflectedinitskinshipvocabulary.HowdoeslanguagerelatetosocietySo,metaphorica

4、lly(比喻地),languageisregardedasamirrorofsociety,throughwhichwecanunderstandsocietyactivitiesofacertainsocietybetter.语言是社会之镜，透过这面镜子，可以更好地展示社会生活的五彩斑斓。HowdoeslanguagerelatetosocietyFunctionally,societyprovideslanguagewithasuitablecontextofuse,inwhichwecanenjoyaspectsoflang

5、uagevividlyandtruthfully.社会是语言之根，置身社会语境，可以切身感受到语言使用的方方面面。TimeOpinionsaboutlinguisticsAncientGreek&Roman&Indiarelatedtophilosophyandthesociety1930s—1960sanindependentscience(monistic一元性,autonomouspursuit自主探究性)1960s—Nowdualisticview二元观点,SociolinguisticsappearedDevelopme

6、ntofOpinionsaboutRelationshipbetweenLanguageandSocietySociolinguistics（社会语言学）Thesub-fieldoflinguisticsthatstudiestherelationbetweenlanguageandsociety,betweentheusesoflanguageandthesocialstructuresinwhichtheusersoflanguagelive.※Macro-studies※Micro-studiesSociolinguisti

7、csMacro(宏观)-studies——thesociolinguisticsofsociety(语言社会学):Toknowmoreaboutagivensocietyorcommunitybyexaminingthelinguisticbehaviorofitsmembers考察社会成员的语言行为，达到了解社会的目的SociolinguisticsMicro(微观)-studies——thesociolinguisticsoflanguage(社会语言学):Toknowaboutsomelinguisticvariations

8、oflanguageusebyturningtopotentialsocioculturalfactorsforadescriptionandexplanation考察语言结构的社会含义，了解语言变体现象，提供语言功能说明Sociolinguist