各校考研试题

《各校考研试题》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

ᔜ᪥ὃẆ⚪ᜧ.......ᳮ2002ஹ5ᑖ/⚪1ஹᳮᱥᳮ2ஹ3ஹ4ஹᐝ"ᔠᳮ$5ஹᨬ&'()6ஹ*+,-7ஹ.ᐰ01ᓄ348ஹ5ᑖ67஺9ஹ$:12ᑖ/⚪1ஹ;<=>?@ḄBCDE᪵GH>?@ḄBCD2ஹ;<=IJ(D;<=ᨩJ(DLMᔜᨵ;<ᱯPD3ஹQRST$UVᐺᳮᱥᳮḄ)XYᙠD4ஹ;<=[\]^Ḅ_`abᑖ᪆DdefIgᙠᳮẆhiḄ\ᵨl஺5ஹm:nopqḄrsẆhtᳮẆhḄu⌕wxyᐸ{|஺}2(X)1ஹ1-4⚪3ᑖ/⚪~5-8⚪4ᑖ/⚪஺1ஹᙳ)2ஹ3ஹᑡᦔ\4ஹὅᦔ\5ஹ^346ஹḄtᦪ7ஹ@⊤8ஹᦔ஺9ஹ$:14ᑖ/⚪5⚪16ᑖ஺1ஹ;<=[\]^DdefI[\]ẆhiḄ>?@ஹa?@ᑴ?@஺2ஹYᐝ"ᔠ⚣᳛DᐹfI+ᐝ"ᔠ⚣᳛Ḅu⌕ab஺3ஹJᨵ¡¢T@£DᐹfI¤஺4ஹY¥¦(DᐹfI¥¦(Ḅ-§஺5ஹdefI᝞Yᵨᑖ©ᑴª«(¬e@⊤஺2000ஹ3ᑖ/⚪1ஹª®2ஹ«¯°3ஹᦪ@±44ஹᑖ²5ஹ឵´ᱯ6ஹµ¶J)7ஹ·¸8ஹ*+,-஺9ஹ$:1ஹ¹:º™ᦻqḄ½¾@¿ᳮ$஺10ᑖ2ஹ¹⌕fIÀÁÂÃẆhiḄÄÁÅÆ?@஺10ᑖ3ஹ:ÇtÈ34ḄᱯPÉÊËÌ஺104ஹᐹfI+[\]Ḅu⌕ab஺155ஹ¬ÍÎÏᳮᱥᳮḄÄ¢ÉÊ£ḄᱯP஺156ஹÐÑJ(⌕tiḄᔜ¢?@ÒÅᑖ᪆஺16ᜧ.......ÓÔᳮ2002ஹ3ᑖ/⚪1ஹ[Õ2ஹ┯(3ஹ×lØX4ஹÙÚÛÜ5ஹᨩ〉\6ஹÞᦣàá7ஹ᛻U\ã8ஹäaᳮ$9ஹbå10ஹᱯå9ஹ¹æ⚪5ᑖ/⚪1ஹ¹:¦(ḄÉÊᱯç஺2ஹ¹:èé{0êëêḄìa஺3ஹ¹:íᱯtᳮÞîᡠðḄwx஺4ஹ¹:Ùlyᐸªᵨ஺5ஹ¹:ñḄ1òaᳮ$஺6ஹ¹:nóôḄ“Äab×ö”Äஹ$:⚪10ᑖ/⚪1ஹm:ᨵᐵù⁐¦(Ḅᳮ$஺2ஹ:û⚪üýþiÿᵨḄᶍ஺3ஹ஺4ஹḄ஺(fontcolor=blue2001
/fontid=blueஹᐙ⚪1ᑖ/⚪1ஹᳮ!"⌕$%&'()⌕*+!"Ḅ,-.ᦔ-0ᦔ-ᓽᢣ஺2ஹ3ᐺᩩ6789ᡂḄ()ᩩ6;஺3ஹᱯ=>?.@ABᱯḄᳮCDEFGHḄIJKLᙠN஺4ஹOPQRḄST;ᢣ

1o5ஹឋW.XYᨬ[⌕Ḅ\]ᙠN஺6ஹ^_;஺7ஹ`aḼ;o8ஹ᛻;o9ஹᔡefᱯghijkᨵmno஺0ஹpqYXYrs.Ḅt3rsuDv஺wஹᑨy⚪1ᑖ/⚪1ஹ$%;ᳮz{ᢣᔣ.}~NDḄE஺2ஹ;ᾯᱥḄ']ឋḄ7᧜஺3ஹIJḄឋIJ'Ḅឋ;ឤ^IḄ஺4ஹ>(ghḄ⊤᪀.᪀ᙠḼD•Ḅᐵ¢஺5ஹᔡefᱯgh£⌼ឋ¥¦Ḅ§'¨⌕ᱯ©;ªᵹឋஹ¬ឋஹᦣឋ஺6ஹ⍗ᑮ°ញ²³I´µ¶{0·Ḽ¸☟Ḅ²º";ᳮi஺7ஹiᖪḄ¼½;IQ=MA/CAX100%8ஹ¾¿ÀḄWw¦Ás~w'¦-;ÂÃ-ÄÅ^-஺§ஹÆÇÈÉ4ᑖ/⚪1ஹ█▲02ஹÌឤÍឋ03ஹᑁ◚ÐÑ04ஹÒL½.Ó½05ஹÔ⌼Õ06ஹÖᱥ7✄07ஹq᝱i08ஹᝍeÚᱯḄᱯY஺ÛஹÜÝÞ⚪10ᑖ/⚪0ß⌱5⚪0ᐳâ50ᑖ஺1ஹ᝞äå{z{æSὅḄ$%஺2ஹ᝞äᑭᵨᳮz{éêëìÐÑᦔ᳛஺3ஹî"ïÞ⚪Ẇñ~òÍᵨḄᶍ஺4ஹótᑖ᪆õḄ[⌕ö஺5ஹÌ÷ᙠᾯ~Ḅ⊟©஺6ஹ9ᡂÄḄ஺ீfontcolor=bluc2000/fontidwblueு'üý1ᑖ/⚪1ஹþº\ÿ02ஹᜧᾯᳫẆḄ஺3ஹᡂᩩḄᩩo4ஹ“⁐"”$“᫥&'”(Ḅ⊤*+஺5ஹ,-./0ᱥ2Ḅ34$5678ᵨḄ:⌕<=o6ஹ/0Ḅᳮ?ឋᢣo7ஹ.BCᑮE⁐F&⏚ḄH0ICᑮJ⁐F&KḄH0ILM*NO—o8ஹ⊤NᱯRo9ஹCSTUVWXYᾯZF&[\“᪭᪭᝞&”Ḅ_`aḄNḄbᳮcdO஺10ஹe᪵ḄghIὁjgk7lmnᢓpqrஹs⊤tᑣᦟwᦔyz{஺L|O஺11ஹ}~ᡂ7ḄHIO஺12ஹ.Ḅ\ឋᐹᨵ\ᱯRᓽឋஹᱯឋஹoஹᑨ1ᑖ/⚪1ஹ0=bᳮḄ஺2ஹbᳮ*NᑖO¡¢Ḅ£ஹbᳮc\ឋbᳮᜧ¤ᑖ஺3ஹ¥5w¦c6ᨵᑭW¨Ḅ©ᢝ஺4ஹ“[«ᓝ”®¯ᑖ°Ḅ⊤*஺5ஹtH.$±²◤⌕ᨵᐵḄµ2Ḅ᧜஺6ஹIQ=#MA·¸¹º/CA·»▭½¹º¾¿1007ஹ“ÀᑖÁ”ᵨᩭÃÄÅ$/ÆÇᐵ஺8ஹឋÈ\ឋZᐹᨵ᪶b¯¿Ḅ¤ᑖ஺ஹÊË?ÌÍ⌱6⚪I5ᑖ/⚪஺1ஹHÏឋH0█▲I2ஹ〉Ó$H0•ÕI3ஹ▰×ឋ/Æ$cØឋ/ÆI4ஹÓÙ$b᛻I5ஹᨔ᝱¸Å$Ý᝱¸ÅI6ஹÞßà$ᢓáàI7ஹâ᤬ᢓᑴI8ஹÅ஺åஹæçÍ⌱5⚪I10ᑖ/⚪஺1ஹè×bᳮwẆÓ⍳êḄëᑣìíM:⌕஺2ஹè×.îbᳮḄàᱯï஺3ஹè×ðñæ⚪?òḄ|ó஺4ஹè×W¨ẆḄôõö஺5ஹè×÷øù$Bruner,etal,1956(Ḅᭆûᡂ»üḄẆýþ஺6ஹÿᔠ
ᡂḄ஺7ஹᱯᳮḄ஺fontcolor=bkie1998ᜧ/fontid=bkie•ஹ!"#$%4ᑖ/⚪1ஹ)*+2ஹ,-./ᳮ03ஹ12)34ஹ4567Ḅᶖᜧ:ᦔ<5ஹ᛻>?@6ஹABឋDE>▰ឋDE஺GஹHI⚪%6ᑖ/⚪1ஹJKLMᑖNO᝞JᦋRS2ஹJKUVD*OᨵXYS3ஹJKZV[\<]OᨵXYS4ஹᢈ_ᡂᑣᐹᨵbYᱯcS5ஹ⊤eOᐸMg஺6ஹh⌼ឋjkOᐸᱯl஺mஹ0%10ᑖ/⚪1ஹno45pqrṹḄtu஺2ஹv+wḄGx>mky᪀{|஺3ஹ@}Ḅ~Dᳮ0஺4ஹᳮ#Ḅᑡ{|>[ᵨ{|S5ஹ~DᳮẆuḄ~E஺vfontcolor=bkieᜧ⚪ᑖ஺/fonlid=blueுஹ!"#$%5ᑖ/⚪1ஹᜧᾯᳫឋ2ஹ⁐+>⁐3ஹᑡ¡¢ᦔ<4ஹ1£rṹ5ஹ¤¥>¦§6ஹV¨ஹ◤⌕>«7ஹᝍ®ᱯḄᱯ¯08ஹ°ᖪ9ஹ²³´>µ¶´10ஹ·™ᦻ·¦º11ஹ»¼½e12ஹ¾⁐¿ᔠm¦º13ஹLMÀ>LMᑖN14ஹÁ]4515ஹÂÃ--ÅḄᑖ᪆16ஹ᛻>Çᢚ17ஹᢈ>¤¥18ஹÉV°>ʦ°19ஹ◤⌕ஹ«>ᑁÌ20ஹLMḄ⊦ÎÏᦪ21ஹÑÒ½>Óᢓᑴ22ஹÖ×x>./x23ஹØÙÚÛḄ•Üݺ24ஹ@⁚45>g4525ஹß⌼àe>h⌼àe26ஹáḄâãᦔûᳮ0஺7ஹüý$Paivio(áþḄÿ
Ḅṹᐸ஺8ஹ

2⚪Ḅ஺9ஹ!Ḅ"#$ᳮ&஺10ஹ)*+,ᳮ-ᡈ/0ᑖ᪆ᳮ&34⌱•7811ஹ9ᔠ;<=>?ᐺᩩBCDEFGᩩBCD஺12ஹI™ᦻILMᐸN+஺13ஹᨵQRᢝTU᦮WᐜYZᑖḄ;஺14ஹ\=>]^⌱_ឋaNᳮ&஺15ஹᭆdeᡂ;ẆhḄijk஺16ஹmnḄeᡂopkḄᩩB஺ᓅrᜧ-2000tẆhuᐭ-ὃ⚪xy,ᳮ-ᓅrᜧ-2000tẆhuᐭ-ὃ⚪z஺"id=blucὃfontcolor=bluexy,ᳮ-/fontid=blueὃ2000t1ᨴ23ᓤuᡠᨵẆhᔣᡠᨵᔣᢣᦟ⚪ஹ⌱_⚪3⚪2ᑖ¡ᐳ50ᑖ8£⚪⌱_¤•7¥¦§ᨬ〉ᔠḄªᫀ¡\¬ᙠªᫀ¯ᵨ“O”ᙌ¤¥Ḅ⌱_.1ஹ,ᳮ-Ẇh18ᮣ·28¸§38¸§EN¹48ºWE0?2ஹ,ᳮ-ẆhḄᦪ¼18½¾28¸§38¿À48¸§CÁḄÂ3ஹ,ᳮ-ḄẆhᎷļ18ᐵYᭆdḄ▰28ᐵYÇMᡈᐵÈḄÉÊḄ▰38ᐵYËᱥ¿ᓄḄ▰48ᐵYᭆ᳛ÉmឋḄ▰4ஹOedipuscomplex¼Ó¤ᩭḄ஺18₫Ö28×ØÙÚ38ÛÜÝÞ48ßà5.áâ᪵*ÉᵨY■å18æçè28;ὅêëìè38íÙînïᦔÁ48ñᡃó⚜õ6ஹFGL+ḄN+ᙠYöẆh18¿ÀÉ÷À28᪗ùᓄ38Éú48ûüý7.ÿᦻᓄ஺1Ẇ2ᔠẆ3ᑡ48ஹᓄ1!"#$▤&'()Ḅ2+ᦋ-.Ḅ3/⊤123'()Ḅ4/4)'()Ḅ9ஹ678ᡃ:;<⌕Ḅᱯ1஺1!"#$▤&2@ᖃB3;ᳮDE〉)▤&4G#H▤&10ஹJᑡKLM᪀OPᐵRᨬTU1᜜WXY72Z[\3ᡷ^_4`ᾯ11ஹHermannGridkl1!"┯"2n"3o"pq4r"┯"12ஹJᑡKsLᭆu/ᐸwxLᐵRᨬTUISteven}~2Fechner}~3ᦪ}~4ᦪ13^JᑡKLM᪀(ᦋᐝᨬTU12ᨔ73⇧4Y14ஹJᑡKᐸwxᨵᡠU1!"(2!"〉)3!"4ᐝᔠ15ஹJᑡK/ᐸwxᨵᡠU1r"᦮ᔠ2<£¤¥3'¦ឋ¨ᑣ4r"}.16ஹJᑡK«¬Y᝱Ḅ®¯7U1ṑḨ2²³´3nµ4n"17ஹ⏀¸(¹ºR»Ḅ¼ᵨ1ᐶ¿ᑺ2ᢓᑴᑺ3Ãnᑺ4Ä$ᑺ18ஹÅÆḄÇᑴᒹÉJᑡKU1Êᙽ2ÌÍ3ᩩϼᵨ4ÐÑ19ஹÒÓÔLÕÖ᪗/ÊØÖ᪗'ᓛÚÛÜᦔÞᨬᜧḄᳮàsᳮà1x2y3v4z20ஹJᑡKäå⛭çèéḄᳮà/ᐸwxᱯឋU1êᦈìᳮà2ℍ⃔ïᳮà3ᾦñᳮà4`ᾯᳮà21ஹJᑡK/ᐸwxᨵᡠU1Êᙽ2òó3⌱õö«4÷ṹ22ஹJᑡK/ᐸwxᙠú«ûüᨵᡠU1EEG2MEG3EMG4fMRI23ஹṹᳮᢣ1234ᭆ24ஹ!ᑡ#$%&'ᐸ)*$ᱯឋ-ᨵᡠ0121MMPI2TAT3CPI4BD125ஹ!ᑡ#$ᭆ'ᐸ)*$ᨵᡠ0121:;2<=>?@3AB4CDEFGஹH⚪JKL⚪25ᑖNᐳ50ᑖ1ஹQRSTUVᑴḄ01ᳮNYZ[\Ḅᑖ᪆'^ὃJ25ᑖ2ஹQRS▤a'bcNYZ[\Ḅᑖ᪆'^ὃJ25ᑖᓅeᜧT2000gẆijᐭTὃQQ⚪lFmᳮTQ⚪ஹnopqJK⚪5ᑖNᐳ30ᑖ1.slF2.tuvJtuxNpanum3.~ᜫ4.o⚣ᦔ5.ᒑ6.GஹHlFẆi%&J10ᑖ*ஹᨴ┯2᝞p$2J10ᑖஹlFᙠᑡ¡¢ᦔlF£᝞■¥⚗§¨©'ᑡ¡¢Ḅª«஺J10ᑖஹH®¯°±JH.Ebbingbaus¸ᱯᑭᱯJF.C.Bartlettᙠ¿ÀẆi%&-ḄÁ⌕vÃJ10ᑖÄஹᨵÅ⚗lFẆi᪵cÇḄÈ1•ÊQZË01ÌÍḄÎÏ⏚ⅅÒÓÔNÕ)ᵨᦪØÙ&cÇÚNÛÜ)ÝᕡßḄᜧL஺'à1áN¿â)ḄãäåEæçᵯ¡Ḅéê⚣᳛஺ìí᝞ᡠî஺+ðḄñ:⊤ᕡḄóÍÈÎÏ⏚ᡈⅅÒÓÔÌÍḄõöN÷ᙊᙌḄñ⊤îãäåEæçᵯ¡Ḅéê⚣᳛ÈÎÏ⏚ᡈⅅÒÓÔÌÍḄõö஺úஹûᙶ᪗þÈᦪᓫ஺᝞ᡠḄ஺10ᑖ▬ᶍஹ᝞!ᵨ#$%&'Ḅ()Ẇ+,-.ᶭ01ᢈ3CTஹMRIஹPET;ᾯᡂ>ᢈ3Ḅ?@ឋ20ᑖᓅDᜧF2001GẆ+HᐭFὃKK⚪MᳮO

3QᵨRSTfontcolor=blue`ᓅDᜧF2001GắbẆ+HᐭFὃKK⚪/fontid=blue`ὃKfghifontcolor=blue`MᳮOi/fontid=bluc`ὃKjkh2001-1-15nᓤpHqrhsẠMᳮFuvᵨMᳮFẆ+(ᔣhᡠᨵ(ᔣy.ᓫ⚗⌱~⚪⚪2ᑖuᐳ20ᑖ1.Ẇ+ὅ☢Ḅ஺Ẇ+ὅᵬὅᐜᢧᨬḄuᯠᢧᒕᨬḄuᨬᢧᒕ¡¢£Ḅ஺Ẇ+ὅ¤ὅ¥ᑖ¦§¨1-5Ḅlikert;ªu1⊤¬,u5⊤¬uẆ+ὅ®¯°ὅᢧ±²ᨬḄ஺Ẇ+ὅᵬu¤u®ᡠ³ᵨḄᦪµ¶·ᑖ¦°ha¶g·y¹º·yᦪ·b¹º·y;»·…¶g·c¹º·y;»·…¹º·d¹º·y;¢·yᦪ·2.yᦟᣴ¿ᐰÁ20Â-FὃKᡂÃḄᙳÅuᦪÆÇᦪuÈÉᜧÊᑖ-FḄὃKᡂÃËÌÍᑖÎ஺☢ÏÐÑ,ÒÓ°Ô@ḄÕaᐰÁ65%Ḅ-FḄὃKᡂÃÍÌᙳÅbᐰÁ65%Ḅ-FḄὃKᡂÃÍÌᦪCᐰÁ65%Ḅ-FḄὃKᡂÃÍÌÇᦪdᐰÁ-FḄὃKᡂðØÙ᝱ᑖÛ3.•ÂN=10ḄßàuSS=200஺ᐸÍãḄÆ£X-u°ha14.14b200Cᦪµ,çuè)¿dénê,4.(ãᑖ᪆uF2,24=0.90஺F%Ḅha,ï℉bï℉cñ⊤òÓ@dó°,ÒÓḄ5.ᙠõö&÷Ḅ(ãᑖ᪆uᙠᔜùᙳÅ,úḄûüu᝞ýKkãþÿabcFdFᢝ6.᪵ᙳᑖ#$%᝱ᑖ#'a()ᑖ#$%᝱ᑖ#b᪵*+ᙠ30/0ca1b2345daᡈb789:;<ᩩ>457./ᐵAᎷCDEḄG⚪IJ;<$%KḄ'a᝞MH0ᙠa=.05ḄᓫRDE8STUIVH0ᙠa=.O5ḄXRDE8•ZSTUb᝞MtḄ\]ᜧAtḄ_`I;Za/bcHOC᝞MH0ᙠa=.05Ḅef0SbcIVH0ᙠa=OlḄef0;ZSbcdᙠh•ijE8I᝞MjEὅᵬᵨa=.05Ḅ᪗oIjEὅpᵨa=.01Ḅ᪗o஺jEὅᵬsHt┯Ḅᭆ᳛•ZᜧAjEὅp஺8.hᑁ᜜ᔣ+⊤ᑖᦪᙠ1ᑮ107஺;?@ᳮBC⊤ᑖᦪF@ᳮGᦔᢣ᪗ḄJᐵ.62஺M0Ẇὅ12345n=80ḄOPQPRᳮ>?S᪵Ḅ@ᳮBC⊤ᑖᦪFS᪵Ḅ@ᳮGᦔᢣ᪗ḄJᐵTU.21஺W᝞YZ[\]஺10.0Ẇὅᵨn=25Ḅ᪵=_ᑮ90%Ḅbcde87±10஺᝞h◤⌕bcdeḄklᙠ10ᡈ10oᑁqbclrU90%,hst◤⌕Ḅ᪵=uCUn=஺v.wx⚪z⚪6ᑖᐳ30ᑖ!1.0Ẇὅᦈ}ᐸ~Ḅ᪵=ᡂ᝞஺\ᦪ(Pᑖ᦮ᳮᭆᵨᦻឋ᝕326᝕122᝕325᝕326ᵱ123᝕223ᵱ126᝕122᝕123᝕425᝕123᝕1222.0ẆὅᵨᳮC⊤CᜧḄᑁ᜜ᔣ஺12345ᨵ80ᵱ80᝕Ḅ᪵=஺ᵱ᪵=

4ᙳX=1L4,SS=26£᝕᪵=ᙳX=13.9,SS=30஺¤¥ᙳḄ]¦bclU80%Ḅde§¨஺3.©ª«>?¬®¯.⇊±*²³´☘¯Ḅ¶·PU஺⌱4525·¶25ᜧ¹ºᐸ®¯.⇊±RᔊḄ¼ᦪᑖ½᝞஺·¶ᔲ¿ᜧᨵÀÁḄ®¯.⇊±RᔊÂᵨa=.O5Ḅ᪗ŦᎷÇÈ®¯.⇊±Rᔊᨵ®¯.⇊±Rᔊ·¶916ᜧ1964.80ᵯᾯË«4Ì■ÎÏÐÑឋ²P1-10ḄÓÔÕÖI⊤ØÙÚÛÜ10⊤ØÙÚÝÞ!ᑡᑖ᪆⊤¤5Õ§஺àᐙ⊤Ḅ஺ᎷÇâã஺ᩭåSSdfMSᜐᳮe270F=9ᜐᳮᑁ¤6805.☢8⚗ì¦ᡂᑖᑖ᪆Ḅíîïð₹ò▣ôIninöIV⚗ì1.81.05.20.13⚗ì2.78.21.01.12⚗ì3.65-.04,11.29⚗ì4.22.78.09.33⚗ì5.02.69.36.28⚗ì6.11.55.22-.20⚗ì7.08,25.39.19⚗ì8-.13.20.28.301!wᶍùú⊤Ḅ2!ᑭᵨ+Ḅᦪ(üᶍýãᡠÿ4Ḅ(Screeplot)3)Ẇὅ⌱Ḅᦪᨵ!.#ᵨ⚪&'⚪10ᑖ,ᐳ20ᑖ.1./ὃ12345ὃ6ᯖ⇋Ḅᶭᦔ;ẆὅA,B,C,DḄẆ@A;a.ẆὅAᐜDEFᡠᨵH6ḄIJᯖ⇋KL஺ᯠOᡠᨵH6PQ23453ᕜ஺SOẆὅTUFᡠᨵH6VᶭOḄᯖ⇋KLb.ẆὅBXH6YZᑖᡂ\];DEFᡠᨵH6ḄIJᯖ⇋KL஺ᐸ_`]PQ23453ᕜ;a`]bcdᑴ];fPQᜐᳮ஺SOẆὅTUF\]ᙠὃ6j᛻lḄᯖ⇋KLC.ẆὅCmH6YZᑖᡂ\];ᐸ_•]PQ23453ᕜ;a•]bcdᑴ];fPQᜐᳮ஺oᕜO;ẆὅTUF\]H6Ḅᯖ⇋KLd.ẆὅDmH6᪷rstḄuvKLwLᙳyz\\ᓛ|ᡂH6;ᯠOᑖᡂ\ᓛ|]஺ᐸ_`]PQ23453ᕜ;a•]bcdᑴ];fPQᜐᳮ஺oᕜO;ẆὅTUF\]H6Ḅᯖ⇋KLc}~Ẇ@A〉ḄAᑖ᪆;'Ẇ@AᙠAᑖ᪆Ḅ஺2.•ᦟᦟ'stᵨᜓὃ6Ḅwὃ6┯Ḅ⚪ᦪᜓὃ6Ḅᦪ┯Ḅ⚪ᦪ4501223233164a.A£ᵨᜓὃ6Ḅwὃ6┯Ḅ⚪ᦪSḄ¤¥¦ᐵ¨ᦪb.A£ᵨᜓὃ6Ḅwὃ6┯Ḅ⚪ᦪSḄ©ª¦ᐵ¨ᦪc.«ᶍ᪵®¯UḄ°⚪;±²\¦ᐵ¨ᦪḄᜧcᨵ¥;ᙠ}~ᦪr_;´cµ¶·ᙢ¹᧜FᦪrḄᐵ¨»6ᔁ▬⊤c`¿t⊤;`¿F⊤;ÁᜐᶍÂÃÄḄ᣸᱐ÇÈÉÊËÌḄᓅÎÏÐᳮὃ6⚪&®ÑÒÓὃ6Ç⌕Õ±.ËÌḄᓅÎÏÐᳮὃ6⚪&®ÑÒÓὃ6Ç⌕Õ±.?@AḄὁCᳮDᓄF஺2002ᓅHᜧJKLCᳮJ2002ᓅHᜧJCᳮ\ắ^Ẇ`ᐭJὃid=blucxfontcolor=bluc>KLCᳮJீ/fontid=bluc>hஹ⌱j⚪1ஹlᑡ9nᭆpqᐸst\ᨬv.aஹ2x4ybஹzᙠ4ycஹ|ᡃ}dஹᡃᳮ~2ஹlᑡ9@ᳮ.aஹᳮbஹᱯᑖ᪆cஹᑖ᪆dஹ3ஹF,J᱄Ḅq)aஹbஹcஹdஹ4ஹ4q¡Ḅ¢£¤¥¦aஹ§¨©᪵bஹ«᯿cஹ®ᵨ°±dஹᯠF5ஹ´µᓄ¶·¸Ḅ¹•n▤»aஹ¼½¾3▤»bஹ¿¾À▤»cஹᐹ)¾À▤»dஹ¾À▤»6ஹÃÄḄ4⌕ᱯaஹÅឋbஹÆÇឋcஹᐶÉឋdஹ▤»ឋ7ஹÊËÌaஹÍᨵÎhḄhnÏ▲bஹᨵÑnÏ▲cஹAzᙠÎÏ▲dஹᨵÒ▲ÑnÏ▲8ஹ9hÔÕÖḄ¼×ᘤ1CÙÚឋ.aஹ°᩽ÕÖbஹÜ⁚ÕÖcஹ᜜ßàá)dஹa,beஹb,c9ஹäᳮåÜᵨᩭ"çaஹè½bஹᕡ½cஹêëŽdஹ

5⊝½10ஹᙠhnᨩîïðᑮhn☟óḄᐝõö3Ḅ}÷aஹø3bஹ3ù¾3cஹ4¾3dஹCᮣû311ஹü•ýõŽ•ᩩÿḄaஹ᦮bஹcஹ⚣᳛᦮ᔠdஹ12ஹᑡᐸ!"#$%aஹឤ(ឋbஹ■+Cஹ,-.ᣚdஹ⌱12313ஹ45⁐ᳮ8"9:;<%aஹ=⁐>?ᦔbஹAB⁐CcஹDE5ᑣdஹaGbl4ஹH23!IaஹJ3KḄbஹH3KḄcஹL3KḄdஹM3KḄ15ஹNOὶQRᵨᜐᳮḄUឋVWXᙠᐸUZ[UឋVWᡂᩩ^Rᵨ?_Z[`abcᩩ^VWḄᱯឋefgaஹ`aឮibஹjkᩩ^Rᵨcஹlᩩ^Rᵨdஹmnop16ஹqᕒstuvwx᪗᜿ᔠ{eᕒsa|ஹ}~ᨬḄᳮ8Iaஹxᳮ8bஹyᳮ8cஹvᳮ8dஹzᳮ817ஹᑡ[ᳮ8ᐸᳮ8"#$%aஹᳮ8bஹWᳮ8Cஹᳮ8dஹᳮ818ஹᑡ"9{Ḅ%aஹᑡᦔbஹᦔcஹo⍡dஹH᤬ᢓᑴ19ஹᑡᢈ"IᳮḄ᪶E%aஹ¡¢£¤bஹmnᵯcஹ2¦{dஹ`ᵫ¨E20ஹᨵẆ«p¬®9:;ᡂ¯°.ᜧ³´µ20%¶·¸¬:;ᐸ¹80%,ºᑡ»8ᨬា½%aஹ¬¾¿ᭆÁÂÃÄbஹIQ=l/4EQcஹ¬=EQ/IQdஹ¬Nᡂ¯ḄRᵨ®ᨵ1/5jஹᑨÆ⚪1ஹopIᢣᨵ|Ḅ〉஺2ஹËÌopḄ᜜ÎVW஺3ஹÏOᐗÑḄὶIÒᵯ¾ÓÔᡂḄ஺4ஹᜧᾯÖ×ᑖpÙklÚஹÙkÛaÚÜÝÞÚ஺5,NVWßoDsḄàáᩩ^Iᜧᾯ⌕3KᑮVW஺6ஹäḨæᶭèèéêëᦔ஺7ஹìN᜜ÎíᐭïðḄñòDsÜ᦮ᔠónôᙠ23Ḅõ᝱஺8ஹê÷øaṑḨIṑḨᕜûUᨬ?•[{û஺9ஹ=⁐I¦Uᨬý⌕Ḅᱥᳮÿឋ
஺10ஹᨩᜐᨩḄᢓᑴḄ஺11ஹ〉!ᢝ#$ᵨḄ&'()ᦔ஺12ஹᜧ,-./01Ḅ2345ᳮ஺13ஹ7ᱥ9:ᙠ<=>?@AB&CDEF஺14ஹG⌼ឋIJᢣLᦣឋIJ஺15ஹᜮᾯPḄ⊤2RSTUVWᢈY஺16ஹZ[ᢣY!\ᨵ^9_ᔣabcdeᨵ^9◤⌕Ḅ᜜ᙠ!iᩩk஺17ஹl1——_ᔣ▤opq/rsஹtuW$t◤⌕ᜧv34wxiyz஺18ஹ{|pqᢓ}ᨵRS~$ᵨ஺19ஹlbYxᵫYxiᱯYx᪀ᡂ஺20ஹ᜼xv•x✌ᵨᖪḄᭆ஺ஹ⚪lbᳮ¡ᨵ¢£¤ᵨ•¥¦᦮ᔠ©
2002ᓅ«ᜧ¬ᳮ¬2002ᓅ«ᜧ¬ᳮ¬—"ஹ¯°±²³´µ⁐ᐗ¸l1¹ᓫ¤»¼½$¾¿$ḄÀ⊡ÂᑣÄÅ5Ḅᳮ¥¦ᳮÆஹÇÈÉPḄ᪗ËÌḄÍP᳛iÏÐ᳛bÑÒÓÔ)¼ᭆ᳛ÕஹÖשPØ&'Ùᑡ»¼ÛᐸÝᙠḄÞ⚪ßஹàáWᦔâ᪵aḄÕäஹ᝞æᵨvçèḄᳮ±&'Õéஹ᝞æᵨêÉẆìíîḄï&ðñḄòṹêôÕõஹTulving(1982)ö÷ᙠ¸ø÷¤¬96ù⚣ûüᓫ°¬ý1,&aþlÿ⊡
7ᜩ᝞Ḅ஺(ᶍ᜜!"#ᑁ◚!"&ឋᑖ))2002ᓅ,ᜧ./ᳮ12(fontcolor=bluc>2002ᓅ,ᜧ./ᳮ12■ஹ⌱61ஹ789n=200;<=>?@ḄA&BC⊤EFGHI>?@FGHIᦪKE┐☢E

6è=43Ḅᐵᦪbஹᵨᜧ.Ìᕜᵨ§ÃÎÏÐḄÑÄᩭ⚜ᐸᏉåÖ×ḄN᳛n43%cஹᜧ.Ìᵨ§ÃÎÏÐḄÑÄëìíîᐸᏉåÖ×dஹRSï?@AḄᦪCḄ᪷EaஹFGHbஹᡠIJḄ&6KᑖL'M
KᑖLcஹḄNIJឋdஹXᔲPᑮR
ḄS℉ឋUஹVW1ஹXYᑡ᪵[1ஹ4ஹ3ஹ6ஹ2ஹ7ஹ18ஹ3ஹ7ஹ2ஹ4ஹ3ᐸ〉^Ḅ_"ᦪ`a,ᐸ4`aᐸ〉^Ḅc"ᦪ`a.2ஹᨵ;efḄᡂg%ᙳᡂg;᪗6iᙠ*jḄKᑖkl`a஺3ஹ--nopᑖᦪqr᝱ᑖtᐸ%ᙳᑖ)65.5,᪗6)5ᑖuᑖᦪᙠ55.5ᑖ'75.5ᑖvwḄxᦪyᐰ{ὃf}xᦪḄKᑖL`a஺4ஹ;~xḄ᳛)40%,ᙠ•200ḄCEOḄ᪵[12ᨴᨵ32஺)pCEOy;~xḄ᳛ᔲ0◤ᵨ`apᡠᑮḄR
")`a)`5ஹ;kẆὅ"Ḅ&6ᑖ᪆FpḄF2,8
=4.29,᪷ENẆᨵ`a஺6ஹ•kẆὅn=200Ḅ☘᪵[▅¢ᑖᦪy£ᾯᵯᢣ᪗Ḅ§ᐵ0.12.i©;ª@A᩽¬n®▅¢¯°Ḅ±²y0᪵ᢣ᪗Ḅ§ᐵ³´ᑮ0.61,µ᝞·IJ¸6¹`7ஹᵨ"X⚜"Y,»X'&5,¼½¾Ḅc6¿À'10,"XஹYḄᙳ4)X=2,Y=4,⚜"YḄ¼½&Á`a஺8ஹᨵn=102ḄᦪE»À6§ᐵÂᦪr=0.06,YḄ'&SSy=100,᝞¸ÃᦪEÄ)ÅƼ½&ÁḄ᪷Eᑣ
Ḅ᪗`a஺9ஹ»YḄ¼½&ÁY=2.4X-0.2,SSx=10,SSy=90,SSe=32.40,"XyYḄÀ6§ᐵÂᦪ`a«10ஹ;kÉÊË5ÌÍÎÏ'5ᜧefᑏ•ÒᦻÔᯠÖ×ᐸØÙᢥᐸÔÛÜÝÞßxàḄÁáâ1-10᣸ᑡẆὅäXᐸᦪE©å`aḄR
p஺æஹçè1ஹ;kẆὅᵨ2*4Ḅ&6ᑖ᪆ẆᡂéêëXu⚪I>Ḅí᧕ÁáḄïð`ᡂéêë2ñ%I>u⚪Ḅí᧕Ááᨵ4ñ%aòAnwó
óᔜᓫkᨵ6஺Yᑡ&6ᑖ᪆᪗}opVᐙ⊤4+ᩭøSSdfMSᜐᳮw280____F=__48F=120__ᜐᳮᑁ___________F=}'600_2ஹefýþÿ
ᑡḄ᦮ᑡḄᦔ
25Ḅ
ᙠᑡ!"#$ḄGPA%ᑡ&'(#$ḄGPA,)*+ᙳ-ᑖ/0125Ḅ23
D1=0.72,%SS=24,ᵨᦪ6ᩭ8ᑡ23GPAḄᦔ9:;<=%90%Ḅ>?=஺3ஹB☢ḄDE⊤GHIᙠJKᖔ⏨NOPᡂJKRSTUḄVWᡂX᪷6Ꮇ[\EḄ&]^_`abcTURSdᖔ⏨NOe?ḄfgVᵨ஺ᖔ⏨NOhi3n=10n=10n=10jᓫTUX=80X=100X=120SS=30SS=36SS=45lᩖTU=10n=10n=10X=60X=100X=80SS=42SS=27SS=36XXA2=52964ஹnoᱛqnὅstᜧvwᙠTxyzDEiᨵ|}~Ḅᙠ20ᑡDEinᜧvw|}17}3ᵨ〉ḄᎷ[\EEᜧvwᙠTxyzi|}~ᔲᙠ=℉5ஹB☢⊤iḄẆqὅḄ⚜ᜧᔲᳮḄxbc%&஺¡¢£2003¤ḄI⚪¦ᨵ§¨⚪©ModelSummaryRRAdjustedStd.ErrorofchargeStatisticsRsquareRsquaretheEstimateRchargeFchargeSig.FchargeMode1.248.062.05817.804.06217.040.0002.294.087.08017.598.0257.111.0081Predictors8ᳮḄ02Predictors8ᳮḄ0⍗ᑮḄ¬⚪xᔲd®▭ᐵᨵᐵ஺CoefficientsUnstandardizedStandardizedCoefficientsCoefficientstSig.ModeBstd.ErrorBeta1constant
25.6394.164.2486.157.0008

7ᳮḄ0.346.0844.128.0002¡constant©24.5104.138.2405.923.0008ᳮḄ0.335.0834.035.000⍗ᑮ¬⚪Ḅx6.7222.521..1592.667.008ᔲd®▭ᐵᨵᐵÂஹ9ᵨ⚪1ஹnoẆqὅ8Ãᖪd5ÅÆÇÈÉÊḄᐵËᐶÍAஹbc᝞ÐᵨÑ*ÒᐵὃÔ1¬⚪ᐹÖ_`Ẇqὅ9᝞ÐᦈØᦪ6Bஹbc᝞ÐᵨᓱÛឋ\EὃÔ1¬⚪ᐹÖ_`Ẇqὅ9᝞ÐᦈØᦪ62ஹB☢ḄDEÝ
ṑḨᒑá8ÃâãäḄåæ8HIK48çèéᢝJṑḨë◞12çèẆqὅíHIîïðñ⚪⊤iòó
10ᑖôᑁHIö÷bøḄðñ⚪ᦪù஺ṑḨᒑáè?HI12243648-------------------------------1878621012911399810478665121010861091287776889101111᪷6`ᦪ6ẆqὅûᔲüýṑḨᒑá8HIþÿ
ᨵ℉Ḅᙠa=0.05Ꮇ஺⚪!OCR%&'()ᓫḄ+&ᡃᡭ.᠒0ᡠ2ᐵ4ᡃὃẆḄ7ᦟ9:;⌕=•?@ABᑏD0EFGᜧID஺JK᣸᱐NOPFQ0ᜧIRSTUVWD0X⍝Z[Ḅᵯᾯ^_`ᑖ᪆⚪Fcdefghᜧ97-02mᳮo⚪pfontcolor=blue|1997~/fontid=blue|fghᜧoVắẆᐭo⚪ὃீfontcok|r=blue|mᳮopmᳮo~/fontid=blue|mᳮoo•ஹ)WᑡᔜEᭆ¢p£¤⚪3ᑖ0ᐳ30ᑖ1ஹ§¨ឋ§ª█▲2ஹ⊤®¯®3ஹ[°±²³⁚±²4ஹ▰ឋ·¸¹ºឋ·¸5ஹᦪ¼½ᭆ¢½6ஹ[¿¿[7ஹÀ®ÁÂîÁÂ8ஹ³Å³§9ஹ;

10ஹKឋឋÆÇஹÈÉ⚪p£¤⚪10ᑖ0ᐳ70ᑖ1ஹÊËḄÌÍᱯÏ஺2ஹÐÑÈ⚪ḄÁÂ=¹஺3ஹKឋÒᔣឋÔᐸᐵÖ஺4ஹᑴØKÙmᳮÚÛḄÜÝ஺5ஹÞᱯEmᳮoḄßàá▲஺6ஹâãḄ
äᳮ஺7ஹåæᩲḄmᳮoḄÌÍᳮÌÍᭆ¢஺fghᜧoVắẆ⚪ὃீfontcok|r=bhie|mᳮéêëìí~/fontid=blue|î“mᳮéê”ñᑖpᐳ50ᑖVஹòóÐôp15ᑖ1ஹõᦪp3ᑖ2ஹ᪗÷ᓄ±ᑖp3ᑖ3ஹÃ᪵ᑖúp3ᑖ4ஹûüýp3ᑖ5ஹ)ᓫþÿᓄ
3ᑖஹ⚪15ᑖ1ஹᑖ᪆Ḅ5ᑖ2ஹᙠ᪵!"ᨵ$%&⌕Ḅ᪵(10ᑖஹ*⚪20ᑖ1ஹ+ᜧ-!3000.-/0+12345Ḅ6(஺89⊤;<ᡂḄᨵ860@A⊤;B0Ḅᨵ1140@ADEFᔲḄᨵ1000@஺H3I6(Ḅ@ᦪKLᔲᐹᨵN℉P10ᑖRSTUV⚪WXḄ;Y2ஹ013.ᵱ/[9.᝕/ᑖ^_`a1ᑁcḄdᳮfgA89᝞ij
fgᡂklmn᝱ᑖpjᵱ/᝕/qᑖ=901qᑖ=709tᙳᑖ=69.31tᙳᑖ=78.78wt[=1156.77wt[=1703.56=96.40=212.94R;Y26.89=5.19*5.191.05,20=2.0861.01,20=2.845F.058,12=2.85F.018,12=4.50x2.01-2=9.210x.052=5.99“dᳮf~”ᑖᐳ50ᑖ•ஹ⌕ᭆ⚪3ᑖAᐳ15ᑖ1ஹf~fg2ஹ᪗ᓄ᪵3ஹMMPI4ஹfg5ஹwᖪஹ*⚪⚪6ᑖAᐳ12ᑖ1ஹ1fgᵨ+1Aᐸ᪗8.00,0.64,Ꮇ᝞ᵨ•Aᐸ᪗ᐵ12.00,Vᵨ¡¢£¤*A¥089¦§¨©஺2,+ªV«IQᑖᦪ69,ᐸf~᪗®3,V¯°ªVᐸᑖᦪ95%F☠ḄᡠᙠµA¥089_`஺ஹ¶⚪ᐳ23ᑖ1ஹV¨©ᦔḄ¸⌕ᩩºA»Dᐙᑖᩩº஺7ᑖ2ஹ⌕¨©½ᑴdᳮfg~⊤¿⌱Áf⚪ὃ⇋ḄÄÅ஺8ᑖ3ஹ§Æf~ÇAVÈdᳮf~ḄLÉឋ஺8ᑖËÌÍᜧ-1ÎÎÏÐÑÒắÔẆÖ/V⚪ὃV×Øjீfontcolor=blueäågdᳮ-æ/fontid=blueäê/ëìjdᳮ--×Rí•ᑖYSᙠnîᫀᡭ"J⚪4ᑖAᐳ40ᑖ1ஹᨬô0õö÷ø¦§ùᑖḄj1ஹᔡp/Bibson஺2ஹὃýᓱKoffika஺3ஹWertheimero4ஹRubin஺ஹḄ!ᙠ#ᳮ%&'⌕)*+1ஹ-.Ḅឤ0ឋ2ᑣ஺2ஹ-.Ḅ᦮6ឋ2ᑣ஺3ஹ6Ḅ7ᑜ9:஺4ஹ;<஺=ஹᐝ?@1ஹABCDḄᱥᳮᭆG஺2ஹABCDḄ#ᳮᭆG஺3ஹHIJ+KLMNOIJ+P.NQ@•BᐵTḄᭆG#ᳮᱥᳮᭆG஺4ஹUVWXḄᭆG஺YஹZ[<⊤Ḅᓫ^@_1ஹᑖa2ஹbc3ஹbd4ஹbefஹghTijNklM<ᨬᜧ@1ஹopgh஺2ஹqpgh஺3ஹrpgh஺4ஹrpghsqpgh஺tஹuvᐝwxrḄᜧy{@K100—1000஺2ஹ380—7603ஹ380—7604ஹ᦮BᵯxḄxr{஺ஹᐝwj⁐ᐝᔠḄᢥVVᑣN᝞1ஹ⁐+⁐

8=⁐2ஹ⁐+☘⁐=ᐲ⁐3ஹ⁐+☘⁐=⁐4ஹ⁐+⁐+⁐ஹ“ᔠ”⊤IஹᜫopghM¡2ஹᜫqpghM¡3ஹᜫrpghM¡4ஹghM¡Ḅᐰ☢⊦⌨¦ஹopgh§¨Ḅ©ᢝ1ஹ?@IuMḄ2ஹ◤⌕¬®¯°±3ஹ◤⌕²³´µ4ஹ◤⌕¶ṹᓝஹ¹º»xḄ¼#½uក[Ḅ¿ZÀᜧNQ½¼Á¿ZÀÂÃÄ'⌕@Å_1ஹ¼ÁÆ¿ZᐗÈQIÉÊËÈ2ஹ¼#'⌕¿ZᐗÈ3ஹ¼ÁÆ¿ZËÈNQIÉÊᐗÈ4ஹ¼#'⌕¿Z⚣᳛ÎÏÐᑖÑÒÓ⚪NÕ⚪20ᑖNᐳ60ᑖ஺Aஹ0.5×-.ØÙ1.8ḄÚNÛᑮ20ᜐ×-.1.6ஹÒ-.Ḅឤ0ឋ©ᢝÞ9:Ãஹ¿ZßàpᨵâãÅäÃ=ஹåæ“çᑴ”ÃçᑴUᐵé<ḄcVᨵêãÃfonlcolor=blue1998/fontid=blueëìíᜧ%A¦¦îïðắòẆôõᐭ%÷⚪ὃ÷ùú_ீfontcolor=blueüý#ᳮ%þÿ
ᳮ/fontid=blucᳮᑡ⚪3ᑖᐳ30ᑖ1ஹᨵ2ஹᨬ!"#3ஹ$%&"4ஹ'⌼ឋ*+5ஹᳮ,-6ஹ.⌼/07ஹ123ឋ8ஹ459ஹឋ6ᱯ810ஹ9&ᢈ;<ஹ=>⚪⚪10ᑖᐳ70ᑖ1ஹ?@ABCD4ᱥᳮḄG8HI஺2ஹ?@KLMNOḄPQḄRṹTU஺3ஹVWXYZ[\Ḅ]8ᱯ^_ᦟabcḄd஺4ஹ?@;eḄfI#g஺5ஹ?@ᳮhijkOl19mnoᑮ20mnqḄr⌕tu*v஺6ஹ?@w\ḄxyrdᳮḄzG{|஺7ஹ?@}~ᩲᐵhi▤ᐸ᪗▤Ḅxyᱯ^஺wᜧắẆ\?⚪ὃ?fontcolor=blucᳮc/fontid=blue\zẠᳮஹᦟaDhiᳮஹ¡ᵨᳮ£ஹ⌱¥⚪¦§ᙠ©ªḄ>ᫀ¬ᡭ®ᙌ⚪4ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1ஹḄzG°k±Aஹl²ᦪ´ᑮµ¶´B'lµ¶´ᑮ²ᦪ´Cஹµ¶u²ᦪ·L°xDஹ¸¹º»¼ᨵLᐜc²ᦪ´ᨵLᐜcµ¶´2ஹ£¾ᙢXAஹÀÁ¡ÃÄÅÆ"¡ÃÄ᠒BஹÈ"¡ÃÄÅÉ"¡ÃÄ᠒Cஹ¸"uÊ"ÃÄÅÉ"uË"ÃÄ᠒DஹÊ"uÉ"ÃÄÅᕡ"uË"ÃÄ᠒3ஹ█▲ÏÐÂÑÒÓÔÕµÖ±£f×ØÙ஺±µy█▲Aஹ±£fÚᯠḄᑖÜ|BஹᨵÝ_█▲ᡃ#I█▲ßà◤⌕ÒÓHICஹ±âã+®Ḅf⌲åḄjæHDஹÂÑÔÕ!Óç◀Ꮤᯠ┯ë4ஹᙠ&"Oìí█▲¾ᕈïḄᕜKÏÐᨵñ᦮TḄAஹ88%óôBஹ78%óôCஹ68óôDஹ58%óô5ஹᵨõö÷Tøᙠ⁐ú®Aஹû⁐úüL┐þ4Lᑣᑮ᡽ᜧ⁐ᯠᑮḄ஺Bஹ⁐┐ᑣᑮ⁐ᯠᑮḄ஺Cஹ⁐⌮┐ᑣᑮ᡽ᜧ⁐ᯠᑮᔣḄ஺Dஹ⁐⌮┐ᑣᑮ⁐ᯠᑮᔣḄ஺6ஹ!"ឤ$ឋḄ&'Aஹ()*ᱥ,Ḅ᯿"Bஹ()*ᱥ,Ḅ."Cஹ()*ᱥ,ᡠ0ᑮ12Ḅᐝ4Dஹ()*ᱥ,Ḅ0᳛7ஹ6*7'89Ḅ•;<=>?Aஹ@ABḼḄDEḄ&'BஹFGHḄIᫀCஹKL┯'Dஹ◱⇧P8ஹQRHSTᵨḄV᯿W">?Aஹ0.0002XY/cm2Bஹ0.002XY/cm2Cஹ0.01XY/cm2Dஹ1Z[9ஹ\]^^Xᑮ_ᔠḄᐝabcdḄ⚣᳛fg\ᐝhi⚣᳛jCFF
,kḄCFFlmnᜧo•pᙠA.10—60HzB.30—55HzCஹ40—70HzDஹ60—80Hz10,ᙠQrḄst2upvwxḼy)Aஹz⚣rḄ{᡾}ᵨBஹ~⚣rḄ{᡾}ᵨCஹ2⚣rḄ{᡾}ᵨDஹ“”Ḅ{᡾}ᵨஹ⚪j⚪20ᑖᐳ60ᑖ1ஹᳮᱥᳮR஺2ஹẆ஺3ஹ᦮ᳮᑡ@ᏔᡠḄ¡¢£¤¥}I⊤§ᨬ©£¤ABCDA\ACABA\BDCAC\CDABC⌱¬ᑖᦪ-C
¯u¯°±P=C/2n-l
C'=C+1P'=C'/2nZZ'²³´µ¶ᜧR,¹¹º»¼½ắ¿ẆÀ⚪ὃÂÃ?fontcolor=blueᳮıÅÆ4/fontid=blueÇÀÈÉ?ᳮRRÂÊË̱ÍᘤÏᳮıÐÑᑖuஹ²ÒyÓ3X5=15
1ஹÔÕÖᙳᦪ2ஹᐵ᪵Ú3ஹlÛឋ4ஹÜl5ஹÝVᦪÞ¢ஹ⚪5X2=10
1ஹ᪗àá᝱ᑖãḄäåᨵçèᱯêë2ஹlᑖ᪆Ḅíî>ïðëñஹ±Í⚪j25
1ஹ@124;RÀBòóôõôõö©÷³Æ¢X᪗øù᝞⊤ôõᨵûü℉ᦔ¤ë5
¯³Æ¢X᪗ÿ᪗᪗4814᪗26362ஹ10Ḅᦻᡂᡂ᣸!"12345678910ᦻ1234567891021345768109$%ᦻ&Ḅ'ᐵ)ᦪ஺10
3ஹ,᪥3./Ḅ᝞:2345ᑖ᪆/89ᦪ:ᙳᑖᦪ᪵=᪗>5জ3673.45.522

9ঝ4075.24.838ঞ3874.86.315BCDEF:4ஹEᑁ:4ஹEFHᵫJஹEᑁHᵫJFKL஺M10
NOᳮQRSᑖஹT⌕VWᭆYMᐳ9ᑖ[1,2᪵E3ᑖ[2ஹ\]Q⊤3ᑖ[3ஹQ3ᑖ[_ஹCD⚪Mᐳ14ᑖ[aᦪᨵ40.“d⌱”Ḅ⌱g⚪hijklm100஺no᝞pᧇ⚪ḄrJP20.6,St=10,£pq=7.5জCD•⚪tuv⍗xyḄrJM1ᑖ[ঝ᝞⚪z{27%ḄP=0.75,{27%ḄP=0.35,|⚪␺8~ᢣᦪ2ᜧM1ᑖ[ঞCD|ḄJM3ᑖ[টCD|ḄQ5M3ᑖ[ঠ᝞hᑖᦪ230ᑖᙠ95%Ḅ☠JḄᑁCḄᑖᦪM3ᑖ[ড᝞100Ḅᦻᡂஹᡂஹᱥᳮᡂᦪὃᡂk_Ḅ4ᡂ%aᦪ>ᑣᐵὶᦔJᨵ¢£¤CD4¥¦¤CD4¥ḄᦔJ§ᨵ¨©ª«¬M3ᑖ[ஹ⚪Mᐳ27ᑖ[1ஹ$MMPI16PFK®M6ᑖ[2ஹ$T⌕¯°±²ᦔJ)ᦪḄ³´M6ᑖ[3ஹT⌕µ¶·¸¹º£»¼~MW1SC-R
Ḅ½5¼ᖪḄCD4¥M6ᑖ[4ஹ᝞⌕¿!ᑴ■.¼~$¶!ᑴÂÃM9ᑖ[fontcolor=blue1999/fontid=blueÄÅÆᜧÇÇÇlÈÉắËẆÍ$⚪ὃ$ÎÏfontcolor=blueÐÑOᳮMÒOᳮÓ[/fontid=blueÔÕÖOᳮᔜÕÖ•ஹT¶ᑡÙM¦Ú⚪3ᑖᐳ30ᑖ[1ஹÛÜ2,ÝÞyß3ஹà~áâ4ஹãàÞ5ஹ▰¶ឋæç6ஹèÛéß7ஹêᳮV8ஹëìíឋ9ஹîïឋàv10ஹᨔ¼~_ஹñ¶⚪M¦⚪10ᑖᐳ70ᑖ[1ஹ$¶òᐺឋᩩõö÷&øùឋᩩõö÷Ḅú஺2ஹ$¶û⌼ឋýþ&ÿ
Ḅ஺3ஹ᪀ᳮ஺4ஹឋḄὶ஺5ஹᛞᳮḄᐸ"#$ᑣ஺6ஹE•C•ᡲ'(Ḅ)*+,-ᳮḄ,⌕/0஺7ஹ1,-ᳮḄᳮ஺234ᜧ78889:;ắ=Ẇ?@⚪ὃDEFfontcolor=blueGHᳮ/fontid=blueI@JKFẠᳮஹᦟNOPᳮஹQᵨᳮஹST⚪UV⚪4ᑖXᐳ40ᑖZU[⌱10⚪X]^_Xᨬa7⚪bcZ1ஹGHὅᦔQexperimentaleffect
2ஹfgGHUdoubleblindexperiment
3ஹᖆijkQlABCDondcrsABCofreactiontime
4ஹm⁐oᔠqrUcolormixturelaw
5ஹstquUauditorylocalization
6ஹvwxUstroboscope
7ஹ✌zᦔQUprimacyeffect
8ஹ{ᡄvigilamce
9ஹᑁ◚implicitmemory
10ஹstUauditorymasking
ஹT⚪UV⚪15ᑖXᐳ60ᑖZ1ஹᑴ᜜Ḅ0ᨵ஺2ஹᨵᳮஹ@ᳮᢣ᪗஺3ஹᵨᙳ0Xᑡᦪ█▲Ḅ¢£¤஺XX-StX-M77828079817876797781£¥St=80¦ᨽ¨M=PSE=AEst=AEM=CE=█▲Ḅ¢£¤©FC¤4ஹ᪷ᑡ«X¬ᦪ¤X£¥SDTᢣ᪗d',RS)455)743U▬FPZO¯ᣚ⊤Z234ᜧ•8889:;ắ=Ẇ?@⚪ὃDEFfontcolor=blueᳮ³£´Uµ¶£¥ᘤZ/fontid=blueI@JKFẠᳮஹQᵨᳮஹᦟNOPᳮUµ¶£¥ᘤZᳮ³£¸ᑖ•ஹ¹Z~N0,12
᪷Z¤ºQḄᭆ᳛஺U5X2=10ᑖZU1
P0WZW1.2
2
P-1.5WZW1.8
3
P-L96WZW1.8
4
PZ=2.96
5
PZW0
½F¾᝱ᑖÀ⊤▬ÁᔁÃÄஹᨵ3ÅÆᦻGHᦟᩞX+ÉHᐸᙠ4ÅËÌᦟ0ÍḄᦟᦔÎXÏÐᑖ"aÑᑮ12ÓᜐᳮXÕÖᦟaXᙠVÓᜐᳮÍ×Ø2ÙÚÛ*´XѸᑖᦪ᝞⊤XÝÞᡂàÓᑖ᪆⊤Xâ◤ä⊤b஺U12ᑖZᦟᩞA
ᦟ0B
GHᑖ᪆⊤åᩭçèᵫFAzê87.252
6
10
Bzê443.003
7
11
AXB3038.004
8
12
"ᑁU1
5
9
ëå3704.00½F⚪ᐳ12ÓìXÝᢥ⊤ÍîïðñT⚪XVì1ᑖ஺òஹóô©õö᪵øóô©ºᐵ᪵øU8ᑖZúஹûᨵ40u@ḄüÆ´Hᡂý᝞Xᔣᵱ᝕
ᡂᨵ10ᑖ80ᑖ80ᑖᵱa=18b=7᝕c=10d=5ஹ1706
Ḅᦪ
ᦻᡂḄᐵᦪ!0.30,ᔣ#$%&ᩭ()6
Ḅᦪ
ᦻᡂ*+,ᔲ.ᙠᐵ5ᑖ0ஹ12,34ᦪᑏ667Ḅ89:;<஺5ᑖ▬?᝱ᑖAᭆ᳛⊤Eᳮ3GHᑖ#ஹᭆIJK16ᑖ)L⚪4ᑖ1ஹNOPQ3R2ஹᦔT3ஹUVW₹4ஹY▰G⊤[ஹ\]⚪12ᑖ)L⚪2ᑖ1ஹ^_
`abcdefghG⊤3i)ᐸgᖪ!120,lᣚ!Tᑖᦪ,nᜧ2ஹapefghG⊤Ḅrq=0.96,ᔣr3RḄ3Gsᨵnᜧ3ஹtu\vw_
ḄIQxᑖᦪ஺4ஹyz3R᜻Ꮤᐵᦪ!0.7,ᐰ~3RḄrqᨵnᜧ=0.35,27Ḅ␺hᨵnᜧ=0.75,27%

10Ḅ5ஹ^3RḄ3⚪ᐰH,⌱yḄ⌱⚪)y⚪Ḅ27%Ḅ=0.6,2?⍗*ḄT!6ஹ᝞3⚪Ḅ•⚪Ḅஹ⚪ᐳ22ᑖ1ஹᢣ6,3Rஹ3Gஹ,3R,3Gஹᡈ3R3G#6ᑖ)L⚪1ᑖA.8¡¢ᕒ¤¥ᵯ§⌕©Lzª¡¢«¬yᑡᨵᐵᖪ®Ḅ,⚪¯°B.¡¢ᕒ±¡¢²³Lzᖪ®¯6´4µ¶Ḅᦪ·ᵨ⊤¹Ḅº9⊤»6ᩭ஺C.•w•ὁ½¾LzefᢌᑏÀÁÂÃ)ᯠ᪷ÆᢌᑏḄ?ÇᦪÈefᑖÉ஺D.ywÊËEᳮ
ÌÍÎÏᙶᙠ8ᐳÑÒÓ«ÔḄÕÖ×Ḅ_ឋ:ឋ+ḄÙᐵḄ⊤ÚEஹᙠ•ÛᦟÝ*)ᦟ½¾
Ýᡂ⍝⚪ßᦈá°ᔁ஺FஹãREᳮ
äåḄy
æçÏyèὁé
Ëᙠêᑮ⇾ÁᘤîÁïᢥᩚᡠ◤Ḅô+஺2ஹabcdefghG⊤WISC-RḄõᱯ,127ᙠ÷øù☢ûüÏ)ᜧ÷øù☢ýþÏq᜼⊤8ᑖ3ஹ᪷ᵨᳮḄᳮḄឋᱯḄ஺8ᑖ!᝞#$%ᳮḄὃ'()*+⚪஺vfonicolor=blue2000v/fontid=blue-./ᜧ22000345ắ7Ẇ9':⚪ὃ:;?ᳮ2@ᳮ2Av/fonlid=blueAB'CD!ᳮ2EஹFGHᑡJKLM⚪3ᑖᐳ30ᑖ1ஹOPᩩRST2ஹUVឋ3ஹWX⊤X4ஹYZ[5ஹᐶ]6ஹ^_ឋ`7ஹឋaᱯb8ஹcdeᖪ9ஹghij10ஹklmஹnG⚪L⚪10ᑖᐳ70ᑖ1ஹ:G`opqrsotuḄvwxyz%^஺2ஹ:G{|}~long-termmemorysystemḄtux%^஺3ஹ:GᭆᡂḄ%^ᭆᡂḄ஺4ஹ:GឋឋxqaᱯḄᐵ஺5ஹ:GZᳮ2Ḅ⌕ᑁ஺6ஹ:Ga¡ᛞᳮ2ḄẆ9£¤஺7ஹ:G`ᳮ2xZ;ᳮ2Ḅ¦§஺-./ᜧ22000345ắ7Ẇ9':⚪ὃ:;

11õö÷ắùẆúl⚪ὃlü×#$fontcolor=blue9:ᳮD/fontid=blueýúþÿ
Ạᳮஹᦟᳮஹᵨᳮ⚪$10ᑖ/⚪ᐳ10⚪1.ᑏ10ᳮ▲ᑏ10ᑏᡷᑖ2.ᑏ10ᳮ"ᵨ#ᘤ▲ᑏ10ᑏᡷᑖ3.&'()*++,4../0123ᳮᱥᳮ+Ḅ678஺5.:;1.75<ᙠ100<ᜐ?@AB1.65<஺Cᵨ"ឋEᦪGHIJHᐸ"ឋEᦪ஺6.ᑖ᪆MNOPQḄRSTᢣ᪗d'W7.XQYZẆ\Ḅ23]+^]+஺8.&'_`ᭆb,Xcdefg஺9.CᵨhᐹjefklWm@ḄnoᐵE஺10.&'qrrst,uᨵfw1
xyz,fontcolor=bluc2001/fontid=blue{|}ᜧ2001ắẆ\ᐭX⚪ὃX$fontcolor=blueᳮ/fontid=blueᳮஹᑡ⚪3ᑖᐳ30ᑖ1ஹ⊤2ஹឋ3ஹ@Aឤ"ឋ4ஹ5ஹ¡¢£-¥¦§¨6ஹS©ª7ஹ«¬yz8ஹ⍝¥9ஹ®j¯°10ஹ±²ᢈ´µஹQ⚪⚪10ᑖᐳ70ᑖ1ஹ¶(᧜Ḅᑁ¹ஹºJW)»0]☢ᑖ᪆½¾@Ag»Ḅ¿ÀὶE஺2ஹ▊⍡ÄḄÅ⌕ÇÈ஺3ஹÉÊh_ឋ˺ᡂWḄÅ⌕ÈÍÎÏÐ,C⌲hÒÓ▊஺4ஹXឋÔᐸឋḄ
xᱯ஺5ஹÖ×¥ḄØÙm@Ú⊝ᳮQ஺6ஹ▊£ÜÝÞjßBᑖ᪆Ḅ᪶á8஺7ஹᑡcWefMâÒ`ᳮḄÅ⌕Ẇ\ᑁ¹஺{|}ᜧ2001ắẆ\ᐭX⚪ὃXfontcolor=blueᳮ3GᳮP/fontid=blueãÓäᵨGHᘤåᳮ3Gæᑖஹ⚪1ஹçᐰéêGW]ëᑖ᪆Wé¿ìêGḄ]ëᑖ᪆ᨵÏпÀ,$10%(2ஹÏÐÎíîᦪO,uᨵÏÐᱯ8,$5%(3ஹBïðTᨬòḄᐗtឋôõ]ö÷øᵨÏÐ]J⌱ú,$5%(µஹGH⚪1ஹûéü᪵üþïAஹBRì?Xÿ
Ḅᦟὃᡂ᝞A119,110,132,106,121,120.B133,128,130,134,129,136,133ᦟḄᦔᨵ℉!⌕Ḅ#$஺$10%(2ஹᨵ3'ᦟ()5'*Ḅ+ᦻ-./0123᝞A*4ᑮḄ/012ᑖ783ஹ5ஹ3/B*4ᑮḄ/012ᑖ781ஹ2ஹ2.C*4ᑮḄ/012ᑖ782ஹ1ஹ1.D*4ᑮḄ/012ᑖ782ஹ3ஹ2.E*4ᑮḄ/012ᑖ782ஹ4ஹ3.3'ὁ(12Ḅ:;<=>?ᦪ஺$10%(3ஹ134'*ABCᎷEFGHIJKLEFᡂ℉-MNᵫ
PQRᡂPQSḄᨵ38T℉⌨M•NᵫPQRᡂ
PQSḄᨵ19TWEFGHᨵ℉ᦔX$5%(4ஹ100Z*Ḅᦪᡂ=[ᦻᡂ\]Ḅ^_<`/0aᐵ?ᦪ0.78,Wcὅefghi8ᔲkᙠaᐵX$5%(mᳮo$pᑖqஹrs⚪Nu⚪3ᑖᐳ15ᑖS1ஹmᳮo$wxyqz{|Ḅo$:~X2ஹ᝱$⊤Ḅᑴᨵyz஺3ஹ⚗␺7ᢣᦪᨵ~஺4ஹᢗoḄᳮᎷ8~஺5ஹ᝞ᳮmᳮoḄ⌕஺cஹ⚪Nu⚪3ᑖᐳ15ᑖS1ஹ$⊤Ḅᑖ0.63,EḄ?ᦪX2ஹo⚪ᑖTᦪ870%,ᑖTᦪ838%,ᐸ␺7ᢣᦪ8X¡␺7ᢣᦪ¢ᔲ£¤¥X3ஹ¦oḄ0.75,⌕§¡oḄ¨ᑮ0.90,!©ªB⚪X4ஹᎷ2«¬^®¯$⊤°±²³᱐Ḅ0.95,µᐸ᪗·¸஺5ஹᎷ§ᵨzo⌱»ᕒ½100T¾q¿À]Ḅ½+4ᑮÁᦪÂÃĤ¥42TÃÄÅÆ34T┯¸¤¥10T┯¸ÅÆ14T஺µ¡È⌱»ḄfÉ°᳛஺ஹWË⚪Nᐳ20ᑖS1ஹ)mᳮÌᔜzÎÏ2Ð᝞1Ñ஺$10ᑖS2ஹo᪗·ᑖᦪḄ஺$5ᑖS3ஹᙠoÒÓÀÔÕ¡Öy×W⚪஺$5ᑖSØÙ(ᜧ2001ÜÝÞắàẆâ*ᐭ⚪ὃä$fontcolor=blueÒmᳮ/fontid=blueå*æçèẠmᳮKêëᦟìmᳮÕᵨmᳮஹZíîNu⚪5ᑖᐳ60ᑖS1ஹïð¸2ஹᐵR$3ஹᨴò┯ó4ஹôõö⁚ᘤ5ஹôὡÀ]6ஹᓫûÒ7ஹüýþ8ஹᐰ
9ஹ█11ஹ᳛12ஹᡄஹ⚪⚪20ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1ஹᢣᑖ᪆☢!Ḅ#$%ஹ&$%'(ᑴ$%ᢣ*+,-./0஺234₈$Leibowitz,1967(Ẇ7,89:;<ឤ>ឋḄᐵA஺ᙠCDᡠᵨḄGᘤ!✌ᐜᕈLMNOPQᱥSTUPQVWXYᡂᔜ\]^Ḅ_;஺`NOᙠa\XY]^Ḅbcde!⌱g•Q:ijdeklᩭn᪵Ḅ;<஺TpbcdeU•Aᑡrᙊ;ᑮ⌲vwxḄyᙊ;஺NO89{r4—21|஺!}~ᩩVWᑭᵨ஺_8—30Uijdeᙠ\XY]^n89NOḄ;<ឤ>ឋᢝ^஺*ᜐᨵ•__8—30n89NO\XY]^ndeḄijឤ>ឋLeibowitz,1967(2ஹẆ7ḄஹLᙠ'ᳮ'▊

12஺ீfontcoloi^blueª2002/fontidblue,±²³ᜧµ20028¶·ắ¹Ẇ7ºᐭµO⚪ὃO½¾¿fontcolor=blueªÂÃÄᳮµ/fontidblueுƺÇÈ¿ÉẠÄᳮµË:ᦟÍÄᳮµÎᵨÄᳮµ•ஹᑡÏÐÑ⚪3ᑖᐳ30ᑖ1ஹ⊤Õ2ஹÖ×ឋ3ஹØÙឤ>ឋ4ஹÛÜÝÞÜ5ஹàáâ-~äåæç6ஹéêÐ7ஹëìíî8ஹ⍝äÖ9ஹòSóô10ஹõöᢈøஹ⚪Ñ⚪10ᑖᐳ70ᑖ1ஹrú᧜Ḅᑁýஹ;þ'ÿ
☢ᑖ᪆Ḅὶ஺2ஹ▊⍡Ḅ⌕஺3ஹ!"#$%ឋ'(ᡂ*+Ḅ⌕,-./01⌲•45▊஺4ஹ7$ឋ8ᐸ$ឋḄ:;ᱯ=஺5ஹ?@AḄBCDE⊝ᳮH஺6ஹ▊JKLM$NOPᑖ᪆Ḅ᪶RST஺7ஹᑡW*XYZ[4\Rᳮ]Ḅ⌕Ẇ_ᑁa஺bcdᜧ]2002hijắlẆ_ᐭ]7⚪ὃ7pqrீfontcolor|blucRᳮ]id|bluc,r:ẠRᳮ]+ᦟRᳮ]ᵨRᳮ]ᘤ#ஹᡈ⚪⚪6ᑖᐳ10⚪1ஹᑴ¢£0ᐹNW¥XY஺2ஹ¦§¨ᵨ0ᐹNW¥XY஺3ஹ©ªẆ_Ḅ«$ª¬ᡈ«$▤®-./04ஹ¯᦮±Eᙳ³´±5ஹµ¶·6ஹ¸¹ᔣ7ஹ»¼½stroboscope8ஹ⁚ḕ±9ஹÅ¥£⊤10ஹᑁ◚]È|ஹ⚪⚪20ᑖᐳ2⚪1ஹ᪷Ê⊤ËᦪÊd'*BÏ▬PZOÔᣚ⊤rPZOÔᣚ⊤Ö⊤ᡃØᐭÙᔳ0'©ÛÜ“ÞḄ”ÛÜ“àḄ”áâÞáâ4010àáâ446ãräàáâå·P0,Þáâå·P1஺2ஹH☢æ⊤çẆ_±஺bcdᜧ]2002hijắlẆ_ᐭ]7⚪ὃ7pqrvfomcolor=blueRᳮëì£v/fonlid=blueுãr5ïᵨᘤr:ẠRᳮ]+ᦟRᳮ]ᵨRᳮ]Rᳮëæᑖ•ஹ⚪5ᑖᐳ25ᑖ1ஹð³2ஹñòóᐵ3ஹõö÷4ஹøùú᪵5ஹüýᦪþ|ஹ⚪10ᑖ./-óᐵ᪵;01ᑡWóᐵ᪵;ÿ℉ឋḄᔜ஺ஹ⚪⚪5ᑖᐳ15ᑖ1ஹ᝞ᨵ•ᐵᦪr=0.5,%&ᐸ(ᣚ*+,ᓫ.ḄZr0஺2ஹᨵ52᝕4ᱥᳮ7ᡂ9ᑖ:;68,69,70,71,72ABᨵ72ᵱ4ᡂ9ᑖ:;40,50,60,70,80,90,100஺E◤⌕H⍝ᵱ᝕4ᡂ9;ᔲKLMឋ%NḄOPQ◤⌕R⊤஺3ஹUVW᪷YᔜK☢ᩩ\]^_Ḅ`ᑣ&322W4bᡂ16cᯠefcW4ghᑖᐭjklm᯿kjkḄ162W4opq᜜sẆuvc᯿kḄ162W4Qopwuv•WxeO•yzᳮ{|}7஺~Eᨵ9cW4Ḅᳮ{|}7ᡂ9,ᐸ8c;jkW4ᑮ“”c᯿kW4ᑮ“Q”A1c;c᯿kW4ᑮ“”jkW4ᑮ“Qopq᜜sẆuvcᳮ{|}7ᨵ℉ᳮ7Pᑖ•ஹ⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ15ᑖ1ஹᦟ7}7ḄQ_ᜐ2ஹᦔḄᐵ3ஹ␺:ᢣᦪc7⚪Ḅ£¤;¥¦4ஹὃ¨©Ḅ}P⊤ªO}P⊤ᙠ¬K☢ᨵQ_5ஹMMPI±²³Ḅ£¤l´ᵨஹ⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ15ᑖ1ஹU7Ḅ¶·*2—5¹ºḄVW4»H;0.85,᪗½L*10,E¾H⍝¿ᵨÀ4¹ºm;ÁÂ4¹ºḄ᪗½L;5஺2ஹ7ᨵ20⍝7⚪ᐸ¿*0.55,Ãf7⚪Äpᑮ60⚪|ÅᑮÁÂÄpᑮ120⚪ᕖ3ஹÇÈÉopÊᚆÌÇÍÎ}7ᑮᖪᑖ*111,%᝞Ð95%Ò☠⌕ÔᐸÕÖ×ᙠ¬ÇØᑖᦪᑁ4ஹUÈÉᙠÚÛÈÉ}7ÜÝᖪ124,Þ´ᖪ115,»HßàᑖP⊤Ḅᑖ:;0.97l0.93,%ßàᖪ×ᨵ℉L:5ஹÇáâÇḄ7Pã0;0.61,BÇäâÇḄ7⚪ã0*0.64,%ßà7⚪¬ã0å²ஹæ⚪ᐳ20ᑖ1ஹ*¥¦ç7Ḅ`èᑖᦪQ|ᵨᩭ{ê7Ḅ~5ᑖ2ஹᙠ⌱â⚪ì¦᪵Ḅ⌱⚗;ÒжïðḄ5ᑖ3ஹñò}ó¤ôõᨵOÇö÷ø}7ÒQÒÐyz*¥¦᝞ùúå*ᔠᳮ10ᑖᓅᜧ03¹þÿfontcolor=blue»ltᜧ2003ắẆᐭὃ⚪v/fontid=bluc"ὃ#$%ீfontcolor=blue"'()ᳮ+/fontid=blue",-.%/Ạ)ᳮ1ᵨ)ᳮ3ஹᑨ6⚪789⚪1.5ᑖ>ᐳ45ᑖAᙠC⚪DEᑏGCᫀ1ஹI/ẠẆJK>1ᵨ#LJᐵ)᝞OPQIRSTU஺7A2ஹᜐXY[▤]Ḅ#_ᢣaᯠᙠẆḄᑁdEeᡂ3g>hᙠijELkᨵmᡂn3஺7A3ஹoᔣqrjḄstᙠXJuvwJKxyḄz᛻|}ḄJKḄ~஺7A4ஹᱥᳮḄX|█▲x>JuᨵḄ஺7A5ஹ⁐ᢙuRSᦔ>hJuRS⊡⁐஺7A6ஹᐝu¡ᣚ£ᙠ¤¥⁚§¨஺7A

137ஹY©ª«_Yª«Ḅ/Ạ஺7A8ஹZᳮ¬®ᕒ°⚜²³´Ḅµ¶ᡠeᡂḄᦔ¸u¹º}»¼x°½Ḅ¾¿ᨬÁ஺7A9ஹ¾ᱥÂᐹᨵ“ÅÅ”Ḅu¶஺7A10ஹ¾ᱥḄÇÈJᐹᨵÉឋ஺7A11ஹËÌÍ_ḄÎÏÐ஺7A12ஹÑÒÓÔ|Õᵨ“°ᐹឋ”ᩩ×½ᵨḄᭆÙ஺7A13ஹÚᓄÜÝÞ®GTḄᭆ᳛>ᓄàáÞ®GTḄᭆ᳛஺7A14ஹᓄᡈãä_ÅḄå⌕ᩩ×çஹ7
15ஹèéêëJ.L.Freedman
ìíîḄïðG£>®íî)ᳮ_ñnẆíîÞ®IíîòÙḄ#஺7A16ஹóôêIõö÷}øGêùᢚ3ûüᳮ¬®>ùᢚIûüçýþᙠḼᯠὶᨵᢚᯠᨵ஺17ஹKrantᵨ“ᐵ”ᙠ"#$%&'()*+ᨵ,-./01஺18ஹ234+Ḅ6789:;<=1>ḄᩗᑭAB஺19ஹᜧDᦪFᳮHIᵨ“Jᢓᑴ”MN+OPQ⏀STUVᧅ4+⏀XYZ&'*+[ᑴ஺20ஹᓱ]^_`CarlSmith
9"a៎0Sc6FᳮVdefgh67i*+஺21ஹᙠ•6klcmnoḄpqrstuvwḄxyzghu'{⚗nopqḄ}~஺22ஹᙠ▭ᔾ%“ᦔ”ᡈ“'ᦔ”Ḅ"ὅrḄᐵᨵᐵ6>ᐵ“ᦔ”"஺ு23ஹ'e*+ḄẆ⊤7Ḅᜧ¡1ᜧ67Ḅe*+¢D஺24ஹ£¤Locke
'¥¦§ḄẆ9"¥¦§'pq¨A©Ḅª«⌕ᜧ®'#¯᳛Ḅª«஺25ஹ&'±ᱥᑖ´µµ>᪷·u&'{´±ᡠ¹ᡂḄ4»¼½஺26ஹᨵᐵ¾ᡃ:☄ḄẆ⊤ᙠÁឋᐵ%ᵱឋḄ¾ᡃ:☄ÄÅ᝕ឋ-஺27ஹÇÈ`Zajonc
ᵨuḄÉᙠMNÊzËÌ"ÍḄ¯#஺28ஹ☘wÏÐ%ᨬÒ⌕Ḅ;ȵµÓH᪥ᦟÖὶᙠc×஺29ஹØ◀ÚÛḄᨬᨵᦔḄÜÝ>Þ-&ḄᦟÖÄÅÈ+dᦟÖD&ḄÚÛw஺30ஹÚÛPrejudice
ßᔣᢣḄ*+âãdiscrimination
ßᔣᢣḄ᝱஺åஹ⌱ç⚪éê⚪2ᑖᐳ60ᑖ⌱c6ᨬìíᫀ1ஹ*+Òïᳮðñ'Ẇòᑡô⚗ᑁö÷AஹHøBஹñC,ùúDஹᢈ02ஹÊzHøᳮðḄᳮð᪷ü>÷AஹFᳮᑖ᪆Bஹ*+ÒïCஹþÒïDஹ4»ᳮð3ஹÿᳮᦻᓄḄ⌕ᳮᑴAஹᑖ᪆BஹCஹDஹᳮ4ஹ⌕!ᛞ#ᦔ%&'(ᵨ*ᢈ,Aஹ-.ᢈ,Bஹ-/01Cஹ-2⍝ᢈ,Dஹ-4ᢈ,5ஹ5ᑡ78⚗:;<ᐜᜩ?@ḄABAஹCᑖᓄBஹEFCஹGHḄIJឋDஹLEM;<6ஹNᡃP*8Q▤SḄ⌕ᡂUAஹVW8XYBஹZX[Cஹᐹ]X[Dஹ^MX[7ஹ⊤`ab*•Q▤SḄ⌕ᡂUAஹVW8XYBஹZX[Cஹᐹ]X[Dஹ^MX[8ஹᔣZefḄefghAஹᔣijᐗBஹᔣ5jᐗCஹὶᔠjᐗDஹᡠᨵjᐗ9ஹ5ᑡ*┯WGqᙠVWstaஹu#v┯Wbஹᨴx┯Wcஹyz8{|#┯Wdஹt┯W10ஹ5ᑡ7⚗:}~WḄᓫaஹbஹ᪀~cஹXYdஹᔠ11ஹ✌ᐜᙢᭆḄaஹᩲbஹℳcஹᡲ#vdஹz12ஹ5ᑡ7⚗:;<Ḅᐵᱯ`aஹឋbஹ¡ឋcஹ¢ឋdஹ£qឋ13ஹ5ᑡ*¤ᑖ¥ᓄ5¦§ᨬ©ªaஹ«¬᳛bஹ¯᳛cஹ¬°dஹ:¬°14ஹ5ᑡ±²³ᢝNjµ¶·Y¸¹¢º»ᑴaஹ¼▤S¥ᓄbஹVW⚜ᩩ¿ÀᵨcஹqᱥÂ✄dஹÄÅÆ15ஹÇiÈ&HullḄYᳮÉḄᳮᓝᑖËÌḄaஹÍÎ|ÏbஹÐÑÒcஹÓÔÕdஹyz16ஹÖ×ØÙW.McDougall
ᵨᩭÛÜḄaஹCÝbஹ¦§cஹÄdஹÞß17ஹà1ᳮ¦Pá8QᨵÞßḄᳮḄ“ãä“aஹåæçᱯN.Triplett
bஹè#éᱯÙF.H.Allport
cஹÐE.a.Ross
dஹzêÙK.Lewin
18ஹᙠ20ëìíî&ïðᜧò(ᵨóôõ1ᩭaஹö÷Éø⌱Æúbஹᵐü〉ᔠþÿᦟ
Ḅc,ᵐẆḄ〉ᔠ⌱dஹ᛻Ḅ19ஹᙠ!"B.Wcincr
Ḅ#$%&'(*+Ḅ#$,aஹ-bஹ./cஹ0⍗dஹ23ᱯ520ஹ6ᑡ89⚗;<=ᡠ?@Ḅ.ᳮ᪀,aஹᭆDbஹEFcஹ.ᳮ᧜HdஹIJ21ஹ.ᳮKLBaronᙠẆMNOPQḄᐵST(UVᙠ•+ḄPQYᑁ(MN[\OPQᕈ^_ᐵS,aஹ`aᐵbஹbaᐵcஹ᎔UddஹUd22ஹ6ᑡ8efg;<.ᳮhKᐵ

14/Iᡂᑖcஹ[\ᡂᑖdஹᡃᡂᑖ24ஹ;<᩽ᓄḄ,aஹ9¡¢9£Ḽbஹ¥¦▾£¨©Uª«bஹ¬M┯T®¯°ᨬ±²Ḅ³ᐹdஹ⊤V¶·¸°•¹25ஹnLucerRaiffaº»Ḅ¼M½¾/᛻\¿ẠḄẆUV(ÁÂᔠÃTḄᨬ¶,ÅÆeᔠÃÇÈnÁÂaÉ\¿Ạ:aஹË៉bஹᳮÍcஹÎÏdஹÐÑ26ஹᐜᔣtÂÔ_•ÕᜧḄ⌕Ö(×ᑮtÂØÙÚ(~ḼÔ_•ÛḄ⌕Ö(ÆT᎛ÛḄ⌕Ö|ÝÞḄmzឋ¹àáÆeᢈãäåᢈã,aஹᢚᡷbஹèᙠéêëcஹéëdஹìíᳫ27ஹïðñ"Ringclman
ᙠẆò¹óôsocialloafing
TUV(¬8•õö÷ḄT᎛(ᙳöùᨵûü(ᑮᓫþöḄ9ÿaஹ63bஹ31cஹ53dஹ2828ஹᢥ᯿RremackᳮᓄᱥḄᱥaஹᦋḄbஹᓄᜐcஹ!ᩩ#$%ὶ'ᙠ•*dஹ+,-./29ஹEkman012345678ᙠ9ᔜ;ᦻᓄ=>?@ᒹBaஹ៬᝼bஹEFcஹGℿdஹ៎឴30ஹᢥ᯿EriksonḄKLMN0OḄPᙠ9aஹᓄᡈR⌨bஹM᝞☢VWX>ḄᐵZᢧᡊcஹ]^_`Wᳮ◤⌕dஹ]^᝞᰿dMeஹfg⚪ijk⚪10ᑖᐳ20ᑖn1ஹfoᐵ98ᙠpqḄrstu'vḄwxy2ஹfo45ḄzPᳮ{y|ஹ{o⚪iᐳ25ᑖn{o}ᳮ]VM~]^ᑴḄyᐳ}Mᡃᜧ᜽2஺᣸᱐ᓅᜧ2001ὃẆ⚪ᓅᜧ]ீfontcolor=blue2001¡¢ᦈắ¥]¦Ẇ§Wᐭ]ὃ⚪id=blueுª«¬Ạ}ᳮ]ஹ0O®ᦟ°}ᳮ]±²³ṹẆ§µᔣᔜµᔣὃ±²ீfontcolor=blue0O®ᦟ°}ᳮ]/fontid=blue2ஹfg⚪ij⚪5ᑖᐳ60ᑖn1.“}ᳮḄ;'0O”®“}ᳮḄ+,0O”º+ᭆ¼Ḅ½¾®ὶ'¿y2.ÀÁÂÿÄᔣẆ§iLongitudinalstudy
?3.ᩋÆÇÈÉÊ+µ☢VÊË}ᳮ]0OÌÍÎ▊oyfoᐸ¬ÑKL஺4.ÒWÊÓᢣḄÉ2¡Õ▤×yØ▤×ḄÙ⌕ᱯL¿y5.¿ÛÜÝÞßày6.¿áâ]ãÊËḄÙäXÝy7.ᙠÊË}ᳮ]>ᐵ9ÊËåᡃ>}æçᨵº;éᯠëìḄKLº;KL¿yᔜåḄ³⊤Mᱥîy8.ï>Wßà0OḄÙ⌕ᱯL¿y9.ð³ÊË}ᳮ]ñWḄP¿y10.òóôᐺឋᩩ#ì÷®øÞឋᩩ#ì÷=ùḄú஺11.ÀÁÂÃ᝞Íᭆ¼ᦟ]y12.fo]^ûᶍḄý᪀஺ÿஹ
⚪⚪20ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1.Ạᦟᦋ☩Ḅ◤⌕ẆᦟᳮḄ"#஺2.᪷&'():⌕Ḅ+,ᳮ
-ᔠ/0▊᝞345678Ḅ+,஺ீfontcolor=bkie:;<2001=>ᳮ?'ᡠABCDᵨFBG⚪G⚪-᪀IJKLᨵNᜧP᦮RSGNᨵᡠTUᡠJ01=JḄG⚪VWᐹᨵYὃ[\஺]02=^ᳮ▾W`abᔊ=G⚪஺d=ᡃYfὃG⚪g01=KhiẆjkḄ⌱mnWo⚗qrWI஺/fontid=blueᳮG⚪:ᓅtuᜧ1997=ắxᐭ/zᳮG⚪|}<~ᳮ¡¢£¤Ẇ¥¦§¨GḄ£¤©100%Ḅ¦ª:;/z«¥¬ᙠ¡⚪®᪵ᦋ°¢ᳮᱥᳮ²Ḅᐵ?o³ᔜ´ᵨµ¶⊤jk¸Jz¹¢ᑴ»¼⊤Ḅjkᨵµ¶¢½«½ᑁ«ᨵ3WIᔜFᑖ᪆jkᨵµ¶¢ÀÁS
/z¥Â¨GḄᝄÄWIÅƨGḄµ(ÇÈᱯÊ¢ÅÆÇÈËḄÌᨵµ¶¢ÍÎ/z◤Ïᑴµ¶Ì¢ÐÑÒÓ/zÔᵨḄÕᘤ×ÇÈᢣ᪗஺Ú£¤/z¥Ḅ(ÛஹÇÈᢣ᪗×Üᐵᨵµ¶¢10ᑖÝÞᨵ•àᏉᵨâᳮ
ãaäå"æ5ç⌼ឋêᵨâ>abÍÎë4WIì₩⚣᳛Ḅᐝë4ḄÕᘤñêz¹ᦔóᵫõö÷ãøabõ(÷ã»ᵨë4<å"æஹç⌼ឋḄ/z«È®᪵ὃ⇋ú᪵ஹஹஹ´ãḄÅÆÌஹFᑖ᪆jk஺15ᑖûᳮS⚪⚪10ᑖüýBᦟuᦟþnÿ
᪵᪗ᓄ᯿
Ḅ஺ᵨ
⚪"#$%&'ᳮ)*+$'ᳮ,-./0⚪.1⚪6ᑖ/-34ᙳᦪ⌕⚪ᵨ8᧕:;┯=>?@AB஺0$.1
᩽DᦪE.2
ᦪEFG.3
HIឋ᪗LḄM▭OPQRᙠ
TᑴVMᦪEḄWᑴX᪵O᪗LY⚪+ᑁ[•]ឋ^ᦪᨵ`ᐵbcᔜ⌕Yefᩩhᑏ:j⚗ᑖl4ᙳᦪm᪗LḄ-3nopᢣ:ᙠ'ᳮMẆs8Ḅᵨᜐ஺ᨵuvwxyᦪEzw{

15|}L~℉ឋᑏ:wX⚪Ḅὃ஺Ẇs#ᡂBḄᐵ^ᵨ,-bcᐸḄᦪᐵ^ᑏ:no஺.j/MᦪEᑖl᝱bLYᐸL~℉ឋ஺ᦪE᝞¢$nl=3.0,3.5,4.0.4.3,3.1,4.1,5.0,3.7,3.3,4.1n2=3.8,3.3,4.5,4.6,4.2,4.4,5.0,3.7,3.6,3.710ᑖ/.£/ᨵẆsὅὃ¥¦§ὃ¨⚪Ḅ©ᑖª«Pᔲᙠឋ®L~,-¯᝞¢$m°Fm°ᵱ290160᝕100350³,-¯@AQR⚪.´/µ¶·᪵µ¶ᑖyḄx¸¹ᔜᨵ£¸º4ḄM»-஺¼0¢ᑡ⚪$Mµ¶ᑖ¾¿yÀx¹ᙠÁÂÃᵨᔜy4ᙳᦪḄÄÅ.ᜧÇ/᪵Àx¹Pᔲᙠ℉L~ᵨbcÁÂÃᵨḄÈᵫÊP¾¿=L⚗ḄÈᵫÊP¾¿᪀⌼ÍᦪE-3஺.ᦪEef$জᨵÁÂÃᵨ)ঝx¹ᨵ℉L~/.ᐳ24ᑖ/.Ñ/ᨵÒy»-ḄMᦪEᵨᦪmÓᦪxbcᐸL~℉ឋ஺AlA2A3A4ᵬ2345Õ3556Ö3467×4678.,-⊤mnoᶍ/.20ᑖ/"#$ᦟÛ'ᳮ*+$ÜÝ'ᳮ.Þßà'ᳮ/./áâã.1⚪3ᑖ/Iஹå2ஹÜÝæ8Ḅ4ᙳçᑣ3ஹ⚜êḄÈᡃM;4ஹ᪶'íI5ஹîïconformity
Vðïcompliance
6ஹñ¸ឋᓄ7ஹæFòóᳮô8ஹõᢚ¦÷øᎷ»9ஹúÊᐙᑖᳮᵫ10ஹüøý᛻ÿ
⚪
⚪10ᑖᶍḄ⌲ᓣ஺ᙠ!"#Ḅ$%&⌕(ᵨ⌕*+,
Asch
ᐵ./012Ḅ3ᐺ56Ẇ8஺
9:⚪
⚪20ᑖ"#;<="#>ᓄ@ABCDEFᳮH56Ẇ82IJKL஺Mᵨ$%&⌕FᳮHᳮN
᝞HPᳮNKLQDE12ᔲES@ᙠT%UḄ12஺VWXYZFᳮX[\XYZFᳮ
]%ឋFᳮ
ᭆ`⚪
⚪3ᑖ1ஹbᡃ5@2ஹ"ᳮde3ஹfghijk4ஹlᢚ5ஹnop6ஹqrᢈt7ஹᭆ`uᡂḄwᯖᶍ8ஹᐗᡂᑖ
metacomponents
9ஹnz{i|}10ஹFᳮ~
ᐙ⚪
1ᑖUḄḄ⚣᳛2ᐻ஺UὡᨬḄ2ᐻ஺ᙠḄHᳮNᑣ&⌕ᨵஹ஺Y᜻Plutchik
Ḅ9¡¢£Ḅ9%¡¤2ஹஹ஺ᓱᱯ§᪷©ª«ᑖ᪆Ḅ®¯U°ᱯ±ᑖ2=஺²᪍Ẇ8´µḄ¶2஺
9⚪
⚪8ᑖ·Ḅ¸·ὶj஺iº·»ªḄᐵj஺¼½Ḅ¾£N¿ᐸÁÂ஺
ÃNÄ⚪36&Å(@ÆFᳮHḄÇ"=ÈÉÊ(ᵨ
16ᑖËÌÍᙠᖔÊḄ(ᵨ஺
20ᑖVWXᦟÐFᳮÑ[\XYZFᳮ
]FᳮkÒ

Ó
÷YFVW¶ᔣ}Õ஺FᳮkÒ⚪\ᑖÖ׺Ø᪵
4ᑖÚᙳᦪÝ℉ឋß6·ÚᙳᦪàáÝ℉ឋß6Ḅ¸·ὶj஺
8ᑖᑡὶ}ᐵᑡὶ}ᐵ·ãjᑡ}ᐵᨵä¸
8ᑖVWXYZFᳮÑ[\X56Fᳮ
ᭆ`ᡂåiº2.çè3.é¤4.ḄêëᳮN5.ᨔ᝱tî6.nop7.᪆ïᭆ`8.ឋ°Ḅ12Áð¶
ᐙ⚪1.ñòFᳮHóS.S.™ᦻᵨẆ8ö÷øù¤·ᜧûḄᐵjüSö℉ýḄðþ஺2.ᐵ.⍡Ḅᨵ⌕Ḅஹஹ஺3.ᢈḄஹஹ஺4.ᙠᔡᱯḄ!᪀#$%&ᢣஹஹ஺()*+⚪-./0-.ᭆ2Ḅ34/ὶ67(20ᑖ)9ᑖ᪆ᝍ<ᱯḄ=>ᳮ@ḄᱯA7(15ᑖ)9BCᦪ3EFGḄᳮ7(10ᑖ)HIᑡὶKᐵ7/MNKᐵᨵO347(10ᑖ)HIQNᑖ᪆RSTUVᩩX7(10ᑖ)YZ[\]^ᳮ_ὃ9ab[\]^ᳮ(cுᭆ2⚪1.ef2.hᢓᑴ3.klḄ⚣᳛ᳮ@4.oᦈឋᜫst5.ᦑvsw/ᦑvxy6.zᳮ$Ḅ{|ᦔ~7.^ᳮ8.᝱9.$10.ឋ>Ḅw()ᐙ⚪I.ᑭᾯᑖᡂKὶ6Ḅ%f6஺஺2.⁐ᔠᑖᔠᔠ஺ὅcὅ•.3.¢£¤&¥¦§¨ᵨḄᨬᜧ¬®஺4.-¯$°±Ḅᨵஹஹஹ.5.Ḅ[ஹஹ஺()*+⚪1.9ᑖ᪆²³´µ¶·¸^ᳮ¹ºḄ»¼7(20ᑖ)2.᝞O¾³¿ÀÁḄ᪗Ãᓄ7(20ᑖ)3.»¼ÅƨÇ~ÈḄÉᨵUV7(15ᑖ)YZ[ᦟË^ᳮ_ὃ9ab[ᦟË^ᳮ(c)ÌÍÎÏ1.ÐÑ(LearningSet
2.ÒÓᙢx(CognitiveMap
3.ᡂÕfAchievementMotivation
4.Ö×(InsightTheory)5.ÒÓØᶍ(CognitiveStrategy)6.ÚÛÐ(MasteryLearning
7.IIÜḄÝMÐᳮ@(GAGNE'

16SACCUMULATIVELEARNINGTHEORY8.ÞßMORALITY9.àáÐOBSERVATIONALLEARNING10.âã᳛äᓄåSCHEDUBEOFREINFORCEMENTINVARIABLEINTERUALS()æ+⚪(ç⚪5ᑖ)᝞OᳮÎÐ/^ᳮ¹ºḄᐵ67èéBåឋÓ.ᢈḄᐵ67ê᪵ìí*⚪î᛻ðᨵᦔᙢñ¹òḄÐf7èéBÞßóᡂḄ7èéB»¼ÐḄÉ7()@ô⚪(ç⚪15ᑖ)9ãõὶ!:÷/ÒÓ÷Ðᳮ@Ḅ⌕347᝞OᵨᝍøùḄÒÓúᓄ@ᩭᑖ᪆ᦟüý7(þ)ÿ☢
ᦟᩞ⌱ᦪᑴ஺ᵨᦟᳮḄ"ᳮ#$%&ᑖ᪆)*ᑏ,-⌕ᦟ/஺3.12Ḅ345ᵨḄ16ஹᛀ9:;<Ḅ=>☢?)@ABᨵ
D#EF&ḄGE2஺Bᨵ
D#EF&ḄGE2HI12஺ᙠ12K)LMF&Ḅ
D#E)ᑖNHI12ḄOP:QPRSF&Ḅ•D#EHI12ḄῪ)VOPḄ•WᔣQPY•ᩩᚖ\)]Wᑮᚖ_`Ḅ\HI12Ḅ5஺bῪM?Ḅ12HI?Ὺ12஺cḼ?Ὺ12ḄOP:QPḄWe\f?Ὺ12#ᢚ)hijᑮᢚklmḄbnᑖo2pᐰrᔠ)ᡠi)?Ὺ12uA#vo2)]ᩩᢚkwA#vx஺▬zᦟᫀ|}ᦟ~᣸ᳮzᳮRὃzᳮDᑁD`Ḅᔜ))ᵨḄ஺15ᑖᨵᐵឋḄᔜḄᱯW஺15ᑖ¢£Ẇ¥¦§¨©ª⚪¬20ᑖ®Ẇ¥¯°±²Ḅ³´ᨵ¨©¬20ᑖᳮµḄᓫ·:¸᯿WA᝞»¼Ḅ஺10ᑖ¯°µ½¾Ḅ³´ᨵ¨©¬10ᑖᙠ¿ᑴÀ|Á)᝞»ÂᑴÃḄÄ⛲Æᔣ¬10ᑖzᦟᳮRὃzÇÈᳮᭆÊ⚪1.ËÌᡃLOOKING-GLASSSELF2.ÇȵSOCIOMETRY3.Î⁐Ð⌼ROLE-MAKING4.ÒÓὅᦔBYSTANDEREFFECT5.Ö×ᦔPRIMINGDFFECT6.ᡃ)ttSELF-IDENTITY7.ØÙCAGHARSIS8.ÇÈÚÛÜSOCIALRESPONSIBILITYNORM9.ᡃÞ⚜àSELF-FULFILLINGPROPHECY10.áឋᳮPSYCHOLOGYOFPERONALITYâ-ã⚪ä⚪10ᑖ-åᡃ£ᳮæSELF-PERCEPTIONTHEORY,*çèéê.ëìAí¾ᳮᵫᦔOVERJUSTIFICATIONEFFECTéêÞïẆ¥ᒹñÞïᙠÇÈᳮẆ¥Ḅᱯòᙢ·஺ôæå⚪ä⚪20ᑖ1.iÇÈõÓWḄÇÈᓄᳮæ)ᑖᢚ÷øùúíû᝞»%&üÇÈ&ýPRO-SOCIALBEHAVIORḄþÿ஺2.ᨬḄᐰឋẆ⊤80%ḄᑮḄ▭ᐵ!"ᑖ᪆%&'()*Ḅ+,஺-./ᦟ12ᳮ45ὃ789/:;<4=:;<<>?@ABDSM-IHC;DEFGᑖHI(JB10ᑖKLMGᨵOPQR⊤)JB10ᑖKST<᝱VḄᱯXJ10ᑖKYZ[\Hᶭ^JB10ᑖK᝞`ab

17•ஹ•⚪5ᑖᑖᶍஹᭆ⚪5ᑖᐳ10ᑖ1ஹ!"#$%?'᪵)*!"#$%+2ஹ,ᐝ./01ᨩ〉4+5ஹ67⚪8ᐳ70ᑖ1ஹ9:ᐹ<Ḅ>?@ᩭBCᜧEFឤHឋ஺10ᑖ2ஹᙠL4MNO'᪵P/QRSTḄL4MU+15ᑖ3ஹVWXQYOZO᳛\]^᳛'᪵_᪗Sᓣbᡈdef"ᓄ+15ᑖ4ஹN?@hiNḄ!ᯠkl@ᔜ!Ḅn⌕ᱯq+/ᙠr⚗ẆuOvMwᵨyz{?@ᔩ+15ᑖ5ஹ'᪵}~NRᑡ+15ᑖ2002ᜧὃẆ⚪9ᳮᳮrஹ ᑡ⚪⚪3ᑖᐳ30ᑖ1.⊤2.ឋ3.EFឤHឋ4._5.-¡6. ¢£¤¥7.¦§¨©8. ⍝9.«<¬10.;®¯ᢈ/ஹY⚪⚪10ᑖᐳ70ᑖ1.±L᧜Ḅᑁ´ஹµ¶hMU5·?☢ᑖ᪆º»\EF¼UḄ½¾\ὶ஺2.▊⍡ÂÃÄḄn⌕ÅÆ஺3.;ÇÈ·ÉឋʵᡂhÃÌḄn⌕ÅÆ+Í⌲•ÏÐ▊஺4.·ឋÑ·ឋḄᱯ஺5.ÒÓḄÔÕÖE×⊝ᳮY஺6.▊ÙÚÛ·<~.ᑖ᪆Ḅ᪶kq஺7.ᑡÝhBCVÞÏßᳮḄn⌕Ẇuᑁ´஺
Nᳮ-ஹàáᡈ7⚪⚪6ᑖᐳ10⚪1.âãäᑴ"#+ᐹ<ÝæBC஺

182.;âãçè¯ᵨ+ᐹ<ÝæBC3.L4MUẆuḄz·Méᡈz·▤ë+4.ì᦮@×ᙳïð@5. ñòó6.ôFᔣ7.®ö÷stroboscope8.⁚ḕ@9. úæ#⊤10.ᑁ◚üஹ 67⚪⚪20ᑖᐳ2⚪1.᪷þ⊤Oᦪ
d'B▬PZOᣚ⊤“Ḅ”“Ḅ”40104460,1஺2.☢⊤Ẇ"#$PZOᣚ⊤ᶍ(ᳮ*
ᑖ,ஹ./012⚪5ᑖ4ᐳ25ᑖ1.6#72.9:;ᐵ3.=>?4.@AB᪵5.DEᦪGHIஹJK⚪10ᑖLMN;ᐵ᪵OPQᑡS;ᐵ᪵OT℉ឋGHḄᔜXY஺Zஹ
⚪2⚪5ᑖ4ᐳ15ᑖ1.᝞\ᨵ•_;ᐵ`ᦪa0.5,QbᐸᣚdeᓫgḄZr஺2.ᨵ5.᝕i4ᱥᳮkHᡂmᑖnN68,69,70,71,72opᨵ7.ᵱi4ᡂmᑖnN40,50,60,70,80,90,100஺r◤⌕u⍝ᵱ᝕iᡂmNᔲ#7xឋ4Q
;yḄ*
z஺{◤⌕|⊤3.}~᪷ᔜ#☢ᩩO;Ḅᑣb32.iᡂ164ᯠ2i@ᑖᐭH᯿4HḄ16.iE᜜Ẇ4᯿Ḅ16.i{E4,

19*•ᳮ0kH஺\r4ᨵ9iḄᳮ0kHᡂmTᡭ¢£e¤,ᐸ¦ᨵ8NHi¨ᑮ“ª«”4᯿i¨ᑮ“{ª«”oIN᯿i¨ᑮ“ª«”4Hi¨ᑮ“{ª«”஺JE᜜Ẇᳮ0kHᡂmᨵT℉®¯P°±²ᜧ2001(ᳮ¸⚪°±²ᜧ2001¹º(ᳮ¸⚪,ஹ»¼ᑡ½¾2~⚪3ᑖ4ᐳ30ᑖ1ஹÀÁ2ஹ〉y3ஹÃ᤬ᢓᑴ4ஹÈÉ5ஹËË6ஹÍÎឋ◤⌕7ஹÏÐschema8ஹ_ឋ9ஹ×ØÙ,ÚÛÜ10ஹÝ:Iஹ⚪2⚪10ᑖ4ᐳ70ᑖ1ஹ¸e¤ußußᱥàe¤Ḅ?á஺2ஹ¸âãäåªᐸOᱯç஺3ஹ¸èéᱯ-ë«Ḅìᳮ஺4ஹ¸uíஹᢈZὅðñḄònóὶ`஺5ஹ¸õᱯ(ᳮà`Ḅö⌕ᑁøOùÉ஺6ஹ¸úûüḄýu(ᳮḄOþç஺7ஹ¸ÿ
ᳮḄஹᳮḄᐸᜧ2001ᳮ⚪!ஹ"#⚪$1ஹ%ᐰ'()Ḅ*+ᑖ᪆.'(/0)Ḅ*+ᑖ᪆ᨵ23/45710%92ஹ23:;<ᦪ>?5@ᨵ23ᱯB575%93ஹEFGHᨬJḄKᐗMឋOP*QR•TUV23*W⌱YZ[\575%9]ஹ^⚪:

201ஹ`a'(b᪵RbVFAஹBf0gRhijkḄᦟ*mRnoὃᡂr᝞t$A0$119,110,132,106,121,120xB0$133,128,130,134,129,136,133xE>?ᦟ*mḄᦔ|ᨵ}~℉+R^⌕Ḅ>?\஺710%92ஹᨵ3ᦟ5ḄᦻR|᝞t$AᑮḄᑖ4:$3ஹ5ஹ3xBᑮḄᑖ4:$1ஹ2ஹ2xCᑮḄᑖ4:$2ஹ1ஹ1xDᑮḄᑖ4:$2ஹ3ஹ2xEᑮḄᑖ4:$2ஹ4ஹ3x^3ὁḄ.ᦪ஺710%93ஹ134<Ꮇ¡¢R£¤Rᡂr~℉¥7ᵫj§[ᡂ§9Ḅᨵ38
R~℉⌨¥7ᵫ§[ᡂj§9Ḅᨵ19
R"¡¢ᨵ}~℉ᦔ|575%94ஹ100©Ḅᦪᡂr.ªᦻᡂr«¬Ḅ®¯°ᐵᦪE0.78,"R]ὅµ¶·¸¹:ᔲ»ᙠ°ᐵ575%9ᳮ½\!ஹ¾⚪7¿⚪3ᑖRᐳ15ᑖ91.ᳮ½\ÁÂÕÄÅÆḄ½\RE2352.᝱È\⊤ḄÊᑴᨵÃÌÄ*m஺3.⚗Î␺4ᢣᦪᨵ23Ñ஺4.ᢗÓ½?ḄᳮÔᎷ):23஺5.᝞ÕᳮÖᳮ½?Ḅ×⌕Ø஺]ஹ^⚪7¿⚪3ᑖRᐳ15ᑖ91.!ÙÚ\⊤ḄᑖÛÜÈE0.63,^ÝÞÈḄÜÈᦪ52.ßÙÚ½⚪àᑖ0`a
ᦪ:70%,áᑖ0`a
ᦪ38%,ᐸ␺4ᢣᦪ:Kâ5ã␺4ᢣᦪäᔲgåæ53.çÙÚ½?ḄÜÈE0.75,⌕èã½?ḄÜÈéᑮ0.90,êëKâ⚪Î54.Ꮇ)ìíîïð\⊤ñòóô᱐ḄÜÈE0.95,^Ýᐸ᪗÷ø஺5.Ꮇ)ᵨÚĽ?⌱úᕒü100
Rýa!þÿḄᑮᦪ4234┯10┯14஺!"#$⌱&Ḅ'()᳛஺+ஹ-.⚪0ᐳ20ᑖ31.67ᳮ9:ᔜ<=>Ḅ?@A᝞CDE஺010ᑖ32.F᪗HᑖᦪḄI@஺05ᑖ33.ᙠFLMNOPQ#RIST-⚪஺05ᑖ398WP⚪0X7ஹL7ஹY7ஹᦟ73X[7ᳮ9

21\ஹ]^_`0a⚪5ᑖᐳ30ᑖ31.bcᛞ7ᳮ9GestaltPsychology
2.efᓄ3.hcschemata
4.ijk5.lmnJ.Pulkinje
op6.qrῃtuஹv.⚪0a⚪10ᑖᐳ30ᑖ31.vDwxḄyz-ᑖᓄᳮ|஺2.vD}~N.Chomsky
Ḅ9஺3.ᭆRIḄ▲ᑴ஺+ஹ|⚪0a⚪20ᑖᐳ40ᑖ31.Pᑖo7ᳮ90ᡈᳮ7ᳮ937ᳮ9ḄY7ᳮ9ḄẆo஺2.PrḄᳮ|ḄᑁᐸᙠẆ)⍗ᑮḄ-⚪஺L7ᳮ9\ஹ¡ᑖ1.¢£1
¤¥ḄᏔ§ᦪḄ¥ᦪ¨᜻§ᦪ஺05ᑖ32
¤¥Ḅᕜ«§ᦪḄ¥ᦪ¬ᕜ«§ᦪ஺05ᑖ32.1
x>0,y=2xxḄ¥ᦪ஺05ᑖ32
®¯y=0,y=lnx,x=e°ᡂḄh²³x´µ¶·ᑮµ¶¸Ḅ¸¡஺05ᑖ3uஹ]^_`0a⚪4ᑖᐳ20ᑖ3I.¹º»Ḅ¼▲ᦔQ2.⌱¾¿QN3.ÀÁÂÃÄ4.ÅÆ5.ÇL+ஹÃÄ\ÈLᩭÊËÌ៉ឋ6^ḄÅḄÏÐ஺020ᑖ3ஹᵨÒÓF|ÂÆF»ᕡÕÖឋ×£ᨵCÙÚ஺020ᑖ3Ûஹᙠ\⚗ὁÞ9ßàáâḄL)ẆὅὃåæὁÞḄçᱥ»6ᐸ9ßḄÏÐ஺éê᝞:ì\$ìu$ì+$ì$largereward38302015smallreward52321612R⊤)ᦪa$àáâᡠ◤N0ð3£#LḄᔜ<º»×ᵨh⊤⊤ñLéê×£᪷óéêôᑮõöé|020ᑖ3Y7ᳮ9\ஹv⌕£ᑡᭆùúû0a\ü⚪5ᑖᐳ20ᑖ3

221.ýþᩲḄ
2.Ḅᩩᵨ3.Ḅឋ᪀4.₈Ḅᨬஹ!"#$!%ᐭ'()*ᳮ,Ḅ-ᜓ/$01/220ᑖ45ஹ%67"!%8ᨵ:);⌕ᱯ>/ᦟ'7#᝞Aὃ⇋D)ᱯ>/220ᑖ4EஹFGH6"!%“ᡂKL”ḄNOPQᦟR7᝞Aὃ⇋DS>/220ᑖ4TஹᨵK;U!%*ᳮVWᱥYZḄ\“]Ḅᦟ^_”`FᵨabccdeD,;UḄg஺220ᑖ4ᦟR*ᳮ'Sஹijkl`mnbo2pl8ᑖ`ᐳ40ᑖ41.ᭆstᓄ2.'vḄwᢝឋᩩ3.yz4.{ᚪ}ᳮ5.~ᡃaḄ⚜ᦔ#ஹ⚪i2p⚪15ᑖ`ᐳ60ᑖ41.'vḄᳮᩭoὃFḄᵨ`m▊G#FᦟR7ḄὃFaᦟR7ḄὃFᨵ01t஺2.ᙠ{ᚪᦟ'7`'OᵨḄ\V01/D\e21KḄᨵ01ᵨ/3.ᵨ•abo01V'v¢ᶍ`m▊G'v¢ᶍe'v¤ᢝḄ¥¦஺4.▊G§¨©ª«ᙠi¬⚪7Ḅ®>஺996F⚪¯2°*ஹa*ஹ±*4°²*ᳮ'Sஹijkl2p⚪5ᑖ`ᐳ30ᑖ41.³⁐µ¶·¸2.¹¹ᐻ»¼3.½¾;¿2ÀÁ'Â44.Kᦻ;¿*ᳮ'5.z⁚ÆÇ6.ÈÉஹÊ⚪2p⚪10ᑖ`ᐳ30ᑖ41.ÊGᡲÌÍḄªÎ$;¿஺2.ÊG§ÏÐÑeÒ⚪Óiproblemsolving
Ḅ¥¦஺3.ÊGÔlanguage
Ôspeech
ḄᐵÖ஺5ஹG⚪2p⚪20ᑖ`ᐳ40ᑖ41.×GØÙ±Ð*ᳮ'ᐵÒÚÛẆÝÞᨵ¥¦Ḅᳮ஺2.×Gßà.áᑭḄKã±Ðᳮ஺aÉ*ᳮ'Sஹäå2pæ⚪5ᑖ`ᐳ10ᑖ4

23x2+2x,x.>0214íf2x4={ln2l+ax4,x=<0ᙠx=0ᜐö÷`ᑣa=224ùúy=3—2x-2x2ᙠ2S1,4ᜐḄᑗ᳛ᑗ஺ஹ⚪5ᑖᐳ10ᑖ1xfxlnt—ldtlim2xf2x—222x3t+l&'ᦪFx=Jdlᙠ-0,1/0Ḅᨬᜧ34ᨬ3஺0t2_t+l6ஹ789:⚪5ᑖ1.<⚪9=2.>?ᭆABᭆACᡂ3.EFG4.ᵨJKLMNOJᱯQRSஹTU⚪ᐳ20ᑖ1.VWMNXYZ[\KC]^Ḅ_`஺6ᑖ2.ឋcᱯd\=eḄ_`fᐹhiWjfMN஺஺ᑖ3.Eὡlmin஺7ᑖpஹU⚪Binq⚪20ᑖ1.rᵨᦪstLJuWs⊤ᩭ▊Nyzᦻy|}UḄᳮs4ᱥᳮsḄᐵ஺2.ᡃᵨX8ᩞᧇᨵᐵ4Ḅinὃ⇋ᱯdᙠinL0᪵\ᱯdᑴf■¢£sḄ¤¥¦fᐹhḄᨵᐵinqjfMN஺§¨ᳮ©ஹ789:⚪6ᑖᐳ30ᑖ1.ªj?2.«¬ᓛ®3.X¯4.°⚪±n5.²³ᓄj?ஹTµ¶8·¸ᦔ஺10ᑖ6ஹTµḄº»¼sᳮ½஺10ᑖSஹVWMN¾L¿inLBᐸᵨ஺15ᑖpஹrµEÁ«ÂBᐸᙠÃÄÅÆÇẆɺḄJᵨ஺15ᑖÊஹrᵨËÌ-ÎḄḄᑖ᪆9=3ÐᙊÒḄÓᑁᛞ<⚪஺20ᑖ

242000Ör⚪×ஹiஹ§ஹØ×Ùᳮ©ஹ789:⚪4ᑖᐳ20ᑖ1.ÚÛÜÝ«Âᵫß᪍yáâ᪍Æã2.äåæ3.ç᠗Ḅé᪀ᳮ½ᵫᔡìíᱯÆã4.î⚪æmïn5.ðMᵫñòóÆãஹTU⚪⚪8ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1.TµïsôᢝsḄL஺2.Tµö÷Ḅøùᳮ½஺3.TµYXú³Ḅᱯឋ஺4.ûüýþÿᑁḄᐵ᝞5.ᱯ1823-1920ᙠᳮḄ⌕ஹ"#⚪%⚪20ᑖᐳ40ᑖ(I."#)⚪*+,-./01Ḅᱯ23ᐸ5678஺2.◤⌕◤⌕;<᪷>?@᪗BᑖCDEFḄ◤⌕GHᳮ"ᨵᱯ⁐ᨵK◍MNᳮஹOPᑖQ⚪L5ᑖ(RSlimxne-xx—+8nTU᦮ᦪ஺2.5ᑖ(XYᦪfx=x3e-xḄ᩽[஺3.5ᑖ(\]f0=l,f2=3,f*2=5,1XJxf''2xdxḄ[஺04.5ᑖ(RS11/6x2dxfe—y2dy^_eḄᢣᦪTayḄbc(0xdஹefᭆh*i%⚪5ᑖ(

251(klḄ⊤Gn᪀pGn᪀2(n᪀▤sஹ)t⚪1.<ᐹvḄMNᩭxyz{|}~kḄ56஺15ᑖ(2.ᙠḄᓫᩖ|ḄMNᵨᑁR}RTMNḄ7ᨵb15ᑖ(3.ᛞᳮ?@]Ḅ¡ᑣ£¤¥M¦xyᐸ§¥¡ᑣᙠ¨M©0Ḅᵨ஺20ᑖ(4.¬®E¯Posner(ᵨ¶|MN·¸¹º»¼ᑁ½,-ḄMN஺£᪷>¬ᡠ¸ḄMNnÀxyᙠÁ|ḄÁᨚ|}ᑁÃᙠḼÅṹ஺20ᑖ(¬M3ÇÈÉᙳᨵ¬ᜐÌÍÎ(Ç]ᳮ•ஹÐÑ*i%⚪6ᑖᐳ30ᑖ(1.Ç]ᳮ2.]ḄÓÔᱥx3.Öᭆ᳛4.▰#ឋ]Ú5.ÛḄÜÝÞßᎷdஹ᝞ᑭᵨ¹âãä"ᑖ᪆]⌱çèé⌱çèéḄᔠᳮឋ10ᑖ(ஹ#*+)⚪Ḅᐵëìíxy.10ᑖ(ïஹQxyðñᳮ*ᨵ?@òᶍ<3ô}Ḅὶ஺15ᑖ(öஹᵨTulvingÞḄýÑÚþMNᩭ*iÿ

஺15ᑖஹᑖ᪆ᐸAVLᓫᐗ஺20ᑖ(ᳮ*ᳮ+,ஹ-./01ஹ123452ஹ6᪗(ᳮ3ஹ9:;<4ஹ>᫃ᦔA5,CDḄFGᳮH6ஹJᫀẆM7ஹNOឋQR8ஹ(ᳮTU9ஹWXY10ஹZ[\]^.`⌕bc1ஹ`defgḄ⚞iᨵᦔឋḄᩗlm3n2ஹ`dopḄ(ᳮqrḄ•tu.v.Hd⚪1ஹxdgyLEWENḄ9:l☩ᳮᐸᙠᨵᦋ☩Ḅ.2ஹᜓ⌕⊤Ḅᑴ᝞<•ᱯᵨᡠ

26+(ᳮ*ᳮ+Ḅ¤Tᩭo¦§¨ᐹ5◤⌕/qḄ«⚪¬A
᝞/ᕒ¯°Ḅ±ᑴ[Ḅ²᧜nB
´µ¶ᐸ·¸¹º»¼½¾Ḅ±¿À᪗nC
Áᨵᐸ·Ḅ§¨ÂÃᔩn3ஹᨵÅÆ⃩ᗐÉÊËᔣDᙢ▾ᵭẚÑÒÓ.▾ÔÕÖ¿Ëᩗ×ØÙÚᖪ,q»ÜÝ´ḄÉÑ✌ᐜᵨàáâã.Aᵨ*ᳮ+ᳮHTᑴ»,⚗ẆMTᫀ¶åáâãḄqro¦ÂÃ.æçᜧ+--------4ᳮêᦟìíî2002,ஹïð⚪¬0.5ᑖ/⚪ᐳ10ᑖ஺1ஹᙠ*ᳮêᦟìẆMuᓽôôᵨõ•öY÷ᐹøùY÷õ,öúûᡠYüḄᦪþÿ
ᐰ஺ᦪḄᱯ,ᵫᏔᯠḄᑴḄ…!"Ḅ஺⌼ᡂḄ%&஺2ஹtᑖ)ᵫ+,-./Ḅ஺0tᑖ)1Ḅ2ᵫ34ᔣ67ᜧ9:t;<4ᔣ6ᑖ)஺3ஹ=>ᦪḄ?ᙳᦪ90,᪗B&8,ᑣ᪷ᑗFGHIᳮ:KLᨵ75%ḄᦪNᙠPQ஺4ஹ=;?ὅḄ@A஺B15ᑖCA+,D16.7,16.8,17,17.2,17.4,16.8,17.1,17,17.2,17.1,17.2,17.5,17.2,16.8,16.3,16.9B+,D16.6,17.2,16.16.2,16.8,17.1,17,16,16.2,16.5,17.1,16.2,17,16.8,16.53ஹFGHIJKLMḄNO1PQ3ST☢஺QVWᐸXYᵨឋ[\]^Q5_`aὅᑖbc3ST☢஺

27d.⊤fgQ'Yᵨc3ST☢ᡠiὑḄ+,Bk+C஺7lmnoᑨq2T☢3ᔲstQ`aὅucSNOḄ஺BᎷ1vT☢Ḅw@xឋa=0.05CB15ᑖCT☢~`aὅ12345T☢A1619141318T☢B1617131217T☢C24221918224ஹu30_F⚗ᳮ#$᝞ᑖᦪD18,25,26,27,26,25,20,22,23,25,25,28,22,27,20,19,31,26,27,25,24,21,29,28,22,24,26,25,25,24.KPB09?@Ḅ43ABᐹᜓEFᱯឋIᒹKஹ-MឋஹNᐙᑖឋ஺7,R>S᪗U>V2ᐹᜓ?X@Ḅ>Y3ᦪZᐹᜓḄᩩ•IᒹK\ᓫ^_ஹ`Zᮣbஹc᧕eஹ〉ᔠhᦪiej஺◀l᜜nᨬᐺqḄᱯrsᐹᨵ,IsR>ᑖ᪆ᨬv⌕ḄV2ᳮyz{|9஺8ஹ᝞56ᑖᔠᐸᩩஹ᝞᝱ᑖஹR>ឋjjI%7ᦪR஺s▭ᨵ%&⌕IABᵨḄR஺ᐸNNᦪᵨ᝱56Ḅ>YNjᵨ"᛻$Ḅ>Y஺ஹE¡¢£ᵨ᝕ឋ¥¦§ᕒ©ª«ὅ®E⚗°±Ḅ²³´µ´µᨵF¶³ὅᓝᑖᔠ¦¸¹²ºᔜ⚗¼⚪¾ᨵF¶³ὅᓾᓝᑖᔠ¦஺´µὅᑖÀÁÂ$_'ឋÀ¶³ὅḄ´µ᝱ÃÄ᝞$⊤ᡠ஺żᙠ0.05ḄÈ℉ឋÊËᵱឋ¶³ὅḄᔠ¦᝱ÃsᔲÈ℉@᝕ឋ¶³ὅÎÏ10ᑖѶ³ὅឋÀ᪵2ᜧÒᔠ¦᝱ÃḄ¶³ὅ§ᦪᵱ300234᝕330238ÖஹE×Ø¡¢Ù_9?ÚÛÜÝᩭ×Ø3ÏᜧஹÒÑSᦈᑮḄ×ØÙRᫀÏAஹBஹCÑḄᦔ$⊤ᡠæçḄèᧇ஺żê×Ø3ஹ×ØÙRᫀëᐸìí¦ᵨsᔲÈ℉ÎFÏ2,6Ñ0.05=5.14,FÏl,6Ñ0.05=5.99Ï15ᑖÑÙRᫀ×Ø3

28ᜧÒRᫀA812128RᫀB22261430RᫀC10181814òஹẆôᔊS¥èö÷|øḄᐵú©245§®_´µᐸᔊᑖû(ý)$ஹÿ
Ẇᑖᨴ500ᐗஹ5001500ᐗ1500ᐗ᝞⊤ᡠ!"#ᔊ%&'(ᔲ*ᙠ,ᯠḄὶ01a=0.05(10ᑖ)#ᔊ(ᐗ/ᨴ)500ᐗ500-15007E1500ᐗ<=624028Bஹ
276552Ẇ207457CஹDEFGᡠᨵIJὅ⌕MN•ᢈQឋᔣTU20VᵱឋIJὅḄTUᑖᦪḄ᪵Z[ᦪ\80,^16V᝕ឋIJὅḄ᪵Z[ᦪ\220,!ᙠ0.05`aᵱឋ%᝕ឋMbὅḄTUᡂdḄZ[ᦪ(ᔲef஺᝞efᑣijklḄᢈQឋᔣTUᑖᦪḄZ[ᦪm

29ᑣNO7ᵨḄ஺8ஹ᝞$&'Q*᝱ᑖ,RSTᑣ᪵UᙳᦪḄᑖ,WQ*᝱ᑖ,ᐸUᙳᦪ.Y&'Uᙳᦪ.Z[᪵ᦪᜧ50᪵ᑖ,ᐸUᙳᦪ.Y&'.o9ஹ[&'aᦪ3bc:eᵨ•᪵ghijhkḄ&'aᦪIlm⚪oQ&'UᙳᦪḄpqjhikQ,s&'ḄpqjhikQotஹhuv1ஹᙠx⚗Ẇ:"Diz29|}~Ḅᡂ$15|ᵱḄᑖᑖQv93,81,80,70,90,74,92,89,100,90,100,95,85,87,96Z14|᝕ḄᑖᑖQ81,66,79,98,86,100,73,74,82,89,84,85,92,87,~mvIxDiḄᑖ@ᔲᙠ℉ḄឋF0.01/213,14=3.7540.0527=2.05214ᑖ2ஹQ•⚗hᑜᫀḄᢝ᳛¡¢z120|£¤$¥¦ᐸ"86§¨ᫀᢝ©ᡂ᝱ª¦«¬99%Ḅ¯°ᭆ᳛ᩭjhᐰ'Ḅᢝ᳛Rjh´3µᜧ*¶5%~mv·¸k¹¸o§10ᑖ3ஹº»ᨵ½16§ᙠ“¾ᳮgh”ÀÁ½Â"Ã"DÃÄὃ~Ḅᡂᑖ᝞Æ஺20ᑖ~mv1ÇDJKᨵp℉(2)@ᔲµÃ"ὃ~Ḅᡂᩭ⚜DÃÄὃ~Ḅᡂ1(0.05/2,15)=2.131,1(0.05/2,14)=2.145½Ã"83753560738090857385834863758558ÃÄ809060635776748565954445816777824ஹQᔜÌᘤḄឋµÎÏÐѧḄµÒºÓKÔt|ÏÐÑᑖᙠÕÖ3×ḄᘤØÏÐtᜩÚᜩḄÛiᦪ
᝞Æ⊤ᡠÝ஺16ᑖbbs.okhere.netᦿçèé~mv)Øêᦪ
"µëìíîï3◤£¤UᙳᦪḄ¹òZFᦪ
ᶍôÏÐÑᘤᵬö÷øAI5J5J717,17,1715,17,1618,20,22B19,19,1615,15,1518,17,1615,16,1716,18,2119,22,2218,18,1817J7J72003ýþᜧ¾ᳮ½ὃẆ~⚪ÿẠ
ᳮஹ4ᑖ/⚪1ஹPASS2ஹᢗ3ஹ◤⌕4ஹWeinerḄ'(ᳮ)5ஹ+᪀-.ᦔ06ஹᱯ3᦮ᔠᳮ),7ஹ7ᦔ08ஹ9⚪:;஺=ஹ>?⚪8ᑖ/⚪1ஹ>@ABCDḄᭆFG⊤IJK஺2ஹ>@LMḄ--ᑖᓄᳮ)஺3ஹ>@P⌼ឋSTGᐸᱯ3஺4ஹ>@VWX0Yᑖ᪆W[WX0Yᑖ᪆WḄ\]஺5ஹ>@^_ẆaḄbcd⌕eᔣᎷhὃhஹjk^_lmnᱥhpஹqrᛞ
ᳮ஺6ஹᾯᡂvஹᾯᵯxyᜧᾯ{|}xᢈᙠ
ᳮẆaḄᵨ஺bஹ?9⚪1ஹ@᪷
ᳮ}▊@᝞ᦔ஺20ᑖ2ஹ@ᐵAqḄc]஺15

303ஹ᝞^_⊤¡Ḅ¢£y¤9⚪஺204ஹ¥¦§¨CḄ©ª⌱¬ᳮ)(X᧜⌱¬ᳮ))°¥¦§ᑁ◚[³°´ὅḄᐵ¶·᪵°15¹
ᳮº»ஹ4ᑖ/⚪1ஹ¹ὅᦔ02ஹᓛ½W(matchingmethod),3ஹ7ᦔ04ஹÆI¡5ஹÇ_〉06ஹÉ\¶ᦪ7ஹᑖËÌÍ᪵஺=ஹ>?⚪6ᑖ/⚪1ஹ᝞¹ḄᑁÎᦔÏ஺2ஹÐÑÒὅᑁÓ»Òὅ;Ó»Ḅᱯ஺3ஹ>@ᑨÕÖ×ØᔣḄd⌕ÙÚ஺4ஹ>@ÛKᙳᦪḄÝᵨᱯ஺5ஹ>@ÞßᦪàḄCáâᵨØW஺bஹÐÑbcãº
ᳮᱥᳮWḄ-ä஺16ᑖåஹ@æçà)Ḅº»èᳮ஺16ᑖ஺éஹ16ᑖᨵëxᑖìínl=10n2=16ḄðñÌ᪵òóᑮõ@+(XஹYíøfí⚣ᦪ)X—12.312.512.813.013.5Y—12.212.313.0f--12421f--682Iý^þxXஹYḄÿᙳᕈ᝱ᑖ஺ᙠ0.05Ḅ℉ឋᔲᑖ("#$F.05(9,15)=2.59,F.05(10,16)=2.49,t.05/2(24)=2.064,t.05/2(25)=2.060,t.05(24)=1.711,t.05(25)=1.708)?4ஹ20ᑖ⊤789:;12<=>ὃ@ḄᡂB஺⌕D$1ஹEF>ὃ@ᡂB(XஹY)ḄIᐵ2ஹDYKXḄLឋMNOPQ3ஹKᡠDOPTUOVᑖ᪆XYZᐸ℉ឋbbs.okhere.netᦿefg("#$F.05(1,10)=4.96,F.01(1,10)=10.04,F.05(l,11)=4.84,F.01(l,11)=9.65)஺i@123456789101112ὃ@-

311.¬ᑖ᪆¬Ḅᦪ¯°±²³◤“¶·”¶·Ḅ᪷º»¯Ḅ¼½¾¿2.pᵨ᠒ឋÁÂÃÄÅḄᦻᔁḄᦪºᵨÇᐗ⌲MNᑖ᪆ḄOÊË8᝞ÍÎ:YÁÂÐÑ~BZB1.ÁÂÒÓÔ-3.44-0.902.ÄÅKÁÂᶭᦔ⚜-2.5-0.92cl56.46f183**$A.᪷º⊤ᦪºØÙËÚÍÎḄ©EÛ஺B.ᑡ8MNOP஺C.ÜÝ⊤ÞḄ@ZÍÎ஺3.ß°nᨵIᐵ᪵âIᐵãᦪrḄ᪵âᑖ¼᝱Ḅᔩ¿½å¿4.ᙠTUᙳᦪVæḄ℉ឋYZḄ᎛è⌕TUOVéឋYZ¿5.ß⌕TUXêḄVæ℉ឋYZèëpᵨtYZ¿6.ᓱOᑖíᵨï¿ð▾ᐰó@⚪ð▾@⚪$ôõxᳮ=2X1¦ôõxᳮ=2001¦ஹ<öÜÝ20ᑖ1ஹ÷øíùú2ஹûüý3ஹþÿ
4ஹᡃᳮ5ஹ᪀⌼ஹ⚪40ᑖ1ஹ஺2ஹᨵᱯ!3ஹᨵᐵ#$%&'(Ḅᳮ஺4ஹ*+,*-ᨵ./,ὶ1!5ஹ23Ḅ⌕5⊤7ᱥᨵ9:!;<Ḅ⌕=>!?ஹ⚪40ᑖ1ஹ@ᱯAᎷC,“EF”HIJKLMN஺2ஹOPᨵᐵQRS᪀ḄᳮJKLMN஺2000TUஹVWXY20ᑖ1ஹZ[\]HI^ᵫ`᪍b,c᪍def2ஹgh1i3ஹjRS᪀ᳮ^ᵫᔡlmᱯdef4ஹ⚪inop

325ஹ2qr^ᵫstudefஹ⚪40ᑖ1ஹovwᢝvḄyz஺2,{|Ḅ}~
ᳮ஺3ஹ%&Ḅᱯឋ஺4ஹ>,ᑁn!;<Ḅᐵ1᝞!5ஹᱯᙠᳮḄ⌕>!?ஹ⚪40ᑖ1ஹ⚪XḄᱯឋ஺2ஹ>◤⌕!◤⌕M᪷:᪗2ᑜᑖ!b¡ḄZ[◤⌕ᳮᨵᱯ⁐!ᨵ£◍!1999T■ஹVWXY30ᑖ1ஹ¦⁐§n¨©2ஹªªᐻ¬3ஹ®Q^¯L°±f4ஹ7²ᳮ5ஹ*⁚6ஹopzஹ⚪30ᑖ1ஹᡲlµḄ¶23஺2ஹ·¸¹º⚪»XḄ஺3^%&^language
¼&%speech
Ḅᐵ1஺?ஹ⚪40ᑖ1ஹN½5¾¹ᳮᐵ¿ÀẆÂÃᨵḄᳮ஺2ஹNÄÅ•ÇᑭḄ7ɾ¹ᳮ஺1998TUஹVWXY30ᑖ1ஹÉÊᛞᳮ2ஹÌÍᓄ3ஹÏÊ4ஹÐ2LÑ5ஹÒÓÔÕÖ6ஹ1iῃØஹ⚪30ᑖ1ஹ*+Ḅ®ᑖᓄᳮ஺2ஹÄÙbÚḄr஺3ஹᭆÀḄÜÝ▲ᑴr஺?ஹ⚪40ᑖ1ஹ@ᑖÕ5àáᳮ^ᡈãᳮᳮf,¾¹ᳮḄäå½5àáᳮḄẆÂÕæ஺2,@çiḄèéᳮḄÚ²ᑁêᐸᙠ½5ẆÂ⍗ᑮḄ⚪஺`▾@⚪ïðpᳮ2002

33ðpᳮ2002UஹV[XY$4*5(1ஹᖆ(bA.B.Còó2ஹèὡᑖõ3ஹ1ᑡ÷øùú4ஹ-ûឋ5ஹüᑴývஹ⚪1ஹþ@ᑁCÿᨵ
ᵨ
⚪$5ᑖ2ஹᨵ$5ᑖ3ஹᙠ☢!"#$%&'(ᑁᡈ(ᨬᔠ〉$15ᑖ$1(ᙠ./0123Ḅ567Ẇ9ὅ;<⍝23Ḅ>?@ᓄ1567ḄBC஺$2(1EFGᱥᡠJᵨḄK&LMNOPQRSẆ9஺KஹTᵨᐹVḄWXW▊Z[\]^_`abcdḄefឋ஺$15ᑖhஹijkXᨵlmnT"P•pqZijkWXbrstuឋ⚪vḄᐵx஺$20ᑖ2001yeஹz{ᑖᶍ}ஹ~ᭆ$5*2(1ஹ
@/᪵@/2ஹᐝ$
ᨩ〉Kஹ⚪$70ᑖ1ஹᐹVḄNOᩭqZᜧ<ឤឋ஺$10ᑖ2ஹᙠ5WX!᪵.Ḅ53ஹ¡¢.£!¤!᳛b¦§᪵᳛¨᪗ᓣ>«¬?@ᓄ$15ᑖ4ஹWXNOb®WXḄᯠ°±OᔜḄ³⌕ᱯ
ᙠ•⚗Ẇ9!Mᵨ·¸&NOᔩ$15ᑖ5ஹ᪵PQWX«xᑡ»¼½¾$15ᑖ2000yeஹz{ᑖᶍ}ஹ~ᭆᐳ10ᑖ1ஹÀḄ⊟Âr᪀ÄÅÂḄr᪀2ஹr᪀▤ÇKஹ⚪1ஹÈᐹVḄWXᩭqZÉÊ1ÀO[\ḄBC஺15ᑖ2ஹᙠRSËḄÌᓫÄÎᩖ5ḄWX!Jᵨ(ᑁÐ($
·WXḄj@/
@/
ÑᨵÒÓÔ15ᑖ3ஹÕÖᛞØᳮÚÛ`ÜÝlm<(ÞßᑣTá•WqZᐸ!ã•ßᑣᙠäWåæ!Ḅᵨ஺20ᑖ4ஹçèPosnerᵨéO5WXêëìcdᑁíîḄeWXð஺T᪷òçèᡠëḄWXrsqZᙠó[\ḄóᨚᑁõᙠËöṹ஺20ᑖèᶍ

341999yeஹz{ᑖᶍ}ஹøù20ᑖ1ஹ⚪ú2ஹ0dᭆûᭆüᡂ3ஹþÿ
4ஹᵨᱯஹ⚪20ᑖ1ஹḄ஺6ᑖ2ஹឋ"ᱯ#$%Ḅ&'ᐹ)*+'஺7ᑖ3ஹ,ὡ./*0஺7ᑖ1ஹ2⚪3*04540ᑖ1ஹ6ᵨᦪ895:8⊤&ᩭ=™ᦻ=@ABCᳮ8Eᱥᳮ8GHḄᐵJ஺2ஹKᡃMᵨNᩞᧇQRᨵᐵTUEVWḄ*0X&Yὃ⇋\]^_ᱯ#`ᙠ*0bc᪵e]^_ᱯ#QRfᑴ&'■ij8Ḅkl`mnᐹ)Ḅᨵᐵ*045+'஺1998onஹpqᑖᶍsஹtNuv20ᑖ1ஹwj8Ḅx▲ᦔY2ஹ⌱|}YX3ஹ~454ஹ5ஹ,*0ஹ45n*0&ᩭ៉ឋNḄḄ஺20ᑖ1ஹᵨ8ᕡ/ឋᨵᨵ#஺20ᑖஹᙠn⚗ὁTUḄ*0B&ẆὅὃὁḄᱥ8ᐸTUḄ஺᝞¡(£¤ᡠ◤XH)¨n¤¨s¤¨¤¨1¤Largereward38©30©20©15©Smallreward52#32©16©12©m«*0Ḅᔜj8&ᵨ⊤⊤®¯*0&᪷±²³´ᑮ¶·஺20ᑖ2003oᓅ¹ᜧẆ»ᐭTὃ6CᳮT½Ạᳮ6⚪tNuv¿1ᾯÁ³ḄÂᙽ2⁐3ÅÆᦔY4ÇÈᱯ(schachter)ḄÉwÊËÌᳮ5Í"ḄwÊÂÎ6Ïᡃᦔ³7▰ÑឋÒÓEÔÕឋÒÓ8ᨵÖ×ØTUᳮ¿

359ÙᓄEÛÜ¿10᥎Þßà¿n&⚪IÑá᪀ã×TUᳮäåERæã×çÒã:×TUᳮḄ½¯ᱯ#஺2Ñéê"(l.kohlberg)Ḅ⍝ìÒíîᳮ3ᐸìïðḄÅ®஺3ÑCñᢈ³(intellectualskill)Ḅᡂ▤õ3ᐸö÷⌕ù஺4Ñúûᩲ(j.piaget)çý+ðᳮᨵᐵþÿᳮḄᐸ஺5ᨵᨵᱯ6ᳮḄ!ឋ#⌕⊤&ᙠ(☢7*+,-☘/01⚪34Ḅ#⌕568*+ᡂ89:;<⌨ᓄ1⚪9*+ᨵᐵ@AᑁᙠCᑴḄᳮEFE+⚪1ᵨHIJK4LM⌕NMOᩖQR2STᔠᑖ᪆8ᙠXᳮYZ┯\Ḅ]^_53ᑁ◚abc᜜eabḄf⊤&ᙠgh(☢4iᔠjklmnᱯoopqjkᦟkḄst5uE+᝞wxᵨ34#yᳮEzᦋ|lḄ}~ឋ34஺6u▊+ᡂ᪗ᔣᳮEoo&ᙠḄᚪ᪗i᪀᝞w,-Ḅᡂ᪗ᔣḄTᔠ⚪^<ḄᳮE(;<ᐗE;<Ḅpass)Ḅ^<ᳮEᨵwfhᳮEqᑴ;<ᨵw20030ᓅᜧkẆ£ᐭkὃuᳮkẆ£(¦u⚪§ஹf⚗⌱«⚪1ஹ◤⌕ᵨឤ¦¯ᑴḄ°᜜|±ᨵa.H²ᱥᳮ´᛻b.HYZ¯ᑴc.·uḄ#᝱¹d.ºᘤḄឋ^ᢣ᪗2,ᙠ•¾ᔠH¿ÀÁÂÃᵨfe℉JKa.ᔜ56ÆÇfÈᙠᑁᙠὶÊb.ᔜ56Ḅ#ᦔÌÍÂÎÏḄc.ᔜ56ÆÇ]^ÈᙠᑁᙠὶÊd.ᔜ56Ḅ#ᦔÌ]^ÐÍÂ,-3,ᙠOᩖÑÒḄ34Ó᧜ÕÇÖᒹØa.ÙÚÕÇb.•ᡈὅRÝLYZḄÕÇc.ÓÌÞḄßàÓÌÕÇd.ᐸáâC56ãäḄÓÌÕÇ\å4,᪷çèéEᡃëÆᡠíNîfᑮèḄÈᙠ54a.8ðñᳮò▲b.ᨵôõö÷Ḅø᡾c.a+bd.·uÓÌfÝú5,᝞û⌕·uqüýþḄÿ
ᔲḄa.ᔲb.ீᔲc.=d.

366,Ḅ⌕ᵨa.⊝"#$%&Ḅᔜ()*b.+,"#)*c.ᦈNOPḄ"#ᦪRd.ᔠᳮᑖ0"#ᩞᧇᡈὅ"#ᜐᳮ7,67"#Ḅ⌕ᵨa.STUVW7
XYZᑣb.+,"#)*c.\]UV^ឋ
☠ឋd.67"#8ᨵ:;ᵨ8,P?@Ḅ⌕ᱯba.cde?@ABḄIfᵨb.<=>?@ABḄᑁᙠὶFc.ghO&᝱ᓄḄ"#kld."#G"HIJKᩖ9,m☢opVᦔḄᨵa.rsᛞuᦔb.yB)*c.UVᦪvwxd.8ᨵὃe{fᵨ|}⚪$111⚪ᑖ1216⚪ᑖI.᝱ᑖḄ᪗*ᨵᙠ#$:;ᵨᑮ᪗*2.᝱ᑖḄᱯ:;#$:;⌕᝱ᑖᓄᡂ᪗᝱ᑖ3.᪗᯿#
᥎᯿#Ḅ:;ὃV:;ឋ¡ḄὃV4.:;£#Ḅ¤]ᦔ]Ḅ¥⌕ᩩ§¨©ᐙᑖᩩ§5.ᙠ«¬Ẇ®$᝞l°᪵³´µ¶·¸᝞Ẇ®$¹º»Ḅ¼⚪½ᙠᜧ$¿À⌱°᪵•ÄJIᐵẆ®Ḅkl%&:;ÆÇ6.W7ḄÈÉ
W7ᡂÊ]IᐵᔲcÈÉ#ᑖᦪ⚜W&ḄW7ᡂÊ᝞l£Ìᳮᵫ᝞l£ÌÎ᪵ÏÐᐹÒḄ⚜Ó7.ÔᓫÖᙠ×ᙢÙὃÚ&ÛᵨÜ>•#ÝᐹÞ?▅ᔁὅJáᑖ᪗ᳮâ
XYããÛ×ᙢὃ&#ḄᙳᑖI*åᜧæÚáᑖçᔲJᑖᦪècᜐᳮcéâêëì¼⚪í°Oî8.ïðÒñòóô¼⚪9.ᙠõö*÷Ḅø℉ឋ#ñúIᐵ᪵Â)ûÐ᪵ÂᜐᳮJ*÷Ḅø℉ឋᨵÆÇ:;10.:;⌕ü¼ýÎ᪵JᙳᦪBý11.:;«¬Ẇ®½IᐵᐵF?lᐵFþᯠ᝞
Ẇᨵ12.⌕᪗ᓄ᪵Ḅ᪗ᓄ13.200210ᨴ29ᓭ!"#$%&'()Ḅ!*+,-.ᓭ/01Ḅ2ᙳᨴ4562690ᐗᨵ289•+,;<=ᓭ/2Ḅᨴᦈᐭ஺AB9C+,Dᑖ᪆;<ḄGH஺14.I᪵⌕JKᑮMNOḄ+,◤⌕QᑴSTᢈVW⁚15.ᑖᦪ⌕ᔠᡂ\]ᔠᡂᑖᦪḄ^:⌕`a16.tbfbᓱ`ᔜe〉ᵨhijklm⚪op⚪ᓝᑖr1ஹᙠuᳮwx%yz{|}~{|x+,2.▊uᳮw%⊝{|Ḅ`a஺3.▊ᦪaḄJᐸᵨ஺ᙠ⊤uᳮx%᝞ᵨᦪaḄGᳮK⊤uᳮḄ஺4.ᵨbḄ`aCxὃ¢£•¤¥¦D§¨ᡈᦻ«ᩞᧇ®ᔲ°ᙠᑁ◚³´஺%µ▾2002ὃ■ẆD⚪¸8¹uᳮw

37ºஹ»¼½¾op¿⚪6ᑖᐳ30ᑖr1ஹÅzÆÇ2ஹ¹ÉḄᎷὃ\3ஹËឋÍᯖÏᶍ4ஹl⚪Ò§5ஹÔÕ▲ᑴ×ØÙᩞᧇ▲ᑴ×ØÚஹ᝞ὃ¢Ûܳ´⍡ÞḄßØHào10ᑖrkஹDᵨá2Ḅ•Cᐹ¥xᐸ+,ᩭ\]}äᢝ⊤Ù¹ÉzæçḄèé஺o10ᑖrê஺ᑭᵨìíº§îᓛðxᑖ᪆añÜxóḄô▲ឋ஺o10ᑖrõஹDᨵᐵk÷øᳮḄkù8¹uᳮwᳮ஺o20ᑖrúஹ\]û³´ẆḄüý×xᑖ᪆û³´Ẇᙠ`aþḄᱯ஺20ᑖ▾2002ὃẆ⚪ᳮ▾2002ὃẆ⚪ᳮஹ⚪4ᑖᐳ20ᑖ1.☟"ᵯ$2.%&'(3.*+ᑖ᪆4.-./0ឋ5.3-4ᖪ6ஹ78⚪⚪8ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1.:;ᛞᳮḄ'⌕?⊤AᱥᨵDEFGHḄ'⌕IJKLF2.+MNOḄP"J᝞RS⌴ḄF3.KLJUVḄ⊤WX᪀Z[WX᪀F\ὅ^fAaḄᐵcd᪵F4.7fghijḄU(Wklmno஺5.7fᨵᐵpqḄrs+Mtuvow஺xஹyf⚪⚪20ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1.ᑭᵨ|u}~w/ZḄᐵc஺2.ᨵᐵḄᳮy஺▾2002ὃẆ⚪ᳮ-ஹ⚪5ᑖᐳ20ᑖ1ஹᦪឤ2ஹu3ஹ⍝4ஹᩲḄᡃ¡U678⚪⚪10ᑖᐳ50ᑖ

381ஹ7f¢£ᳮḄẆ¤¥~ஹẆ¤ᑁ§¨ᐸª(஺2ஹ7f«¬®Ḅ¯°ᳮ▤²஺3ஹ7f³´µḄᨬ·¸Ḅᭆº஺4ஹ7f☘¼½¾¿ÀÁÂÃḄÄŨƥÇÈ஺5ஹ7fᎷÊËÌ¥•¢£ᳮḄª(஺xyf⚪(30ᑖ)1ஹKLJÐÑᦟÓF¥ÔÐÑᦟÓᨵRÕÖF××Ø¥ÔÐÑᦟÓḄÙÈÚÛÜẆ¤ÜÝØḄᎷÞ஺ßßàᑮâ2003½ãäåḄᔁ஺•ᳮZ·?ᳮèஹéᑡëU(3X10)1U(ij2ªì3í4Áî5ᭆºïuð6ñ⌼ó~7ᐶõ8ᨬö-(jnd)9᎔᤬ᢓᑴ10ªûu6ஹ78⚪(8X6)1ஹ78ᳮÚü¨ýH^þḄᑁᙠᐵ
2ஹᑖᑖ⌕ᐹᨵᩩ஺3ஹ⊤ᐸᡠᐹᨵḄᱯ஺4ஹᐸ!"஺5ஹ#ᱯ•%ᙠ'ᳮ)*☢Ḅᔊ-./ᨵ06ஹ1234567Ḅ8'ᳮ)஺9ஹ:;⚪(12X6)1ஹ>?@A᝞CᨵᦔᙢFGᭆI஺2ஹJ*☢ᩭLMNḄOP"Q஺3ஹR;STUV8WஹXYXZTU[\ឋ'ᳮ^_Ḅ`aᐵ
஺4ஹ>?@AbcᢈefᡂḄh\▤j஺5ஹR;klmnopᑖ᪆ᳮ:Ḅrs[tsᳮ:uḄv⌕ᑁx஺6ஹR;yzᩲ|}Ḅ8~᪀Ḅ\ᭆIᐸ`aᐵ
஺'ᳮ)•ஹM(4X10)1ஹᢣ(instruction*ஹឤ(methodofconstantstimulus)3ஹ⁐ᔠ(lawofcolormixture)_(spaccerror)5ஹὡᕜ`(phasedifferenceofthetwoears)6ஹ⁐(chromaticitydiagram)7ஹ4:(SDT)8ஹ(eyeviewmonitoringsystem)9ஹᑖᓄXY¢⊤(differentialemotionscale)10£¤¥¦§¨᳛(brukralio)ªஹ«⚪(15X4)1ஹᐹ¬@A®¯Ẇ±*ᙠ'ᳮ)Ẇ±uḄᙢ²[³ᵨ2ஹµuḄ¶·¢ஹ¸·¢[¹ᑴ·¢஺3ஹ»¼ᳮ:[Ẇ±½¾4ஹ@A¿¬ÀḄÁᳮ஺'ᳮÂÃ)

39ÄஹÅᐙ⚪Ç16X11ஹᵨᩭ¢Ḅ¢ÈÉÊ⌕ᨵ——ÉÌ⌕ᨵ-----É¢ᡠÎᦪÐḄÑᙳ——ÉÓ3ÔÕÃÖ×
ᦪ஺2ஹ-----ᳮ:ØÙÐÉᢥ᯿------Ḅ⌕ÜÉᨵ-------ᩭÝÃ------ÞØ߬àᦪḄá_ÝÃ஺3ஹâᓽáäåÃḄ*ᑖ᪆æßÑ*[ᑖMØ............--[------É᝞èáä×éê℉É⊤A------ᡈ-------o4ஹ`ᐵ
ᦪí᪵ᑖ£Ḅf᝱âḼ߬`ᐵ
ᦪP[᪵x¢nḄᜧòó·ᓄÉô----¯É᪵rḄí᪵ᕈö᝱ᑖ£;ô-------¯ÉrḄí᪵ᑖ£øùúö᝱ᑖ£ûô------ᡈ--------¯ÉrḄí᪵ᑖ£ᕈü᝱஺ª஺ýþþÿᑡ
ᨵᐵ8
ஹ᪷ᐵ᪵⊤Ḅx25ஹᐗ!ឋ᪗$%&'()5*ஹ+,⚪16-/01123᪥
56480789Ḅ8:ᡂ<=✌ᐜ@ABḄᡂ<ᑖ0DஹEஹF
G=ᔜGIᦪᑖK0120ஹ300ஹ60,ᔜGḄ᪗$LM+010ஹ12ஹ13,Ꮇ᝞⌕QRᐰ5TEUV60I=ᵨᨬYZ[\+,ᔜG]UVḄIᦪ6/*^ᦟ`aᵬcd
efᦻᑖK᣸7i᝞F⊤jᦟ`kl7iᵬcd13122321331241325132aDmᦪno]Ḅp+ᑖ᪆10rF1995s2003t1999uvᜧ8xyzᳮ8Ḅ|⚪}~ᡃᑖᑮᔜxz/ᑖ⚪=ᜧᑖ⚪5ᩭuvᜧ8Ḅ|⚪ᨵᔠ=&Ḅ=ᨵ⚪\&,rᔣᔆ^⊤ᡃḄ1ஹẆ¢᝞£noẆ¢1ஹ¤¥¦\§¨©\ªᔠ¦«¬zᳮIᾯa¯¨°¦Ḅ±¨|mI±zᳮ8|m²a°³zᳮ8´Ẇ¢'Ḅµ9ᱥ·✄|mzᳮ8Ẇ¢]⍳»Ḅ¼ᑣ¾¿À±:⌕'\|mIzᳮḄÂᱯÄ

40**|mÆÇᑖ᪆8ÈḄ±⌕¨Ä**ÉmÊᱯazᳮ8ËÌᡠÎḄÏÐ2ஹzᳮḄÇ9ᳮÑᑴᜧᾯÓÔᳫÖ×ØaÙឋ3ஹÚÛÚÜݧÞᢓᑴàÛaáâãäåḄæçèé⁐ëᔠ
èì⁐aá§ì⁐íî**oﬧðñ¬ò™ᦻòè|mò™ᦻòôè¾ᐸ**ÚÜឋÚÜ▀▲〉]§ÚÛaáᨩ〉]4ஹÛ2ஹÛúûàLᨵ£üᢝÛ᦮ÿᐜ
ᑖḄឤឋḄᐵᱯᳮᳮ┯"#$%&ᨵ()*+,-./012**4&ᐸ67ᱯ8ᨵᐵ9⁐Ḅᳮ ;᪀=>ᦔ@4ẆBḄCDE⌕GᔣIᎷKὃMஹOPQRSᱥMUஹVᛞXᳮY5ஹZ[Z\3ஹ[Z[ZḄ⊦^_ᦪCD⌱bឋ[Zᳮ[Zcd[Zᑖe"#[Zᑖe&᝞"ᦋh. ᱯ᦮ᔠᳮ᝞"k%l%mnὅḄ[Zp4qrstZ[ZḄ,4uvZḄᭆx&⊤z{|6ஹ}~\4ஹ}~;᪀5ஹ}~6ஹ}~ṹ QPaivo
Ḅ}~ṹM&ᐸ}~⍡.⍡ᨵ"ᱯ.᝞"᪷⍡ᱯhᨵᦔ.ᑡᦔ@uv}~ṹḄ}~Ḅᶖᜧ¢ᦔ@£¤}~¥¦}~**᪷Xᳮl%§¨©▊᝞"«}~ᦔ¬**®ឋ▰ឋᑁ◚}~

41²᤬ᢓᑴ7ஹ¶·-7ஹ⊤¹I8ஹᭆx9ஹº⚪Ḅ¼½10¾ᳮ¿⌼Á¹ᭆx0ᡂẆBḄÃhIJḄÅÆᦔ@⊤¹&ᐸZ¦ÇÈ\ÉḄᑖ᪆ËÌMͼ½º⚪¶·Ḅ▤Èឋ**Ï⌼Á¹ᙠuᾯḄ⊤ÒÓ¶· ***+º⚪¼½Ḅ,-ÔÕÖÒ×ØÙ(Bruner,etal,1956)Ḅᭆx0ᡂḄẆBÛܺ⚪ÝÞߺ⚪¼½ẆBuàᵨḄâᶍº⚪¼½äåæḄâᶍ**4¿⌼ឋ¶·&ᐸᱯç᝞"èéê⊤¹ḄëìíÛº⚪8ஹ¥î\11ஹÖ%ᦔ@î¥ᳮ¼Ḅᑡïðñᵨ.4/&ᐸñᵨ9ஹ%òᑁóp**4ôÙ(Weiner)Ḅ%òõ,ᳮ***ö,ᳮ***◤⌕**%ò10ஹ£ø£ùX᛻ûᢚ£øḄsýkᳮ**X᛻ஹS£ஹ@S£øḄþᳮÿ
Ḅ
ᑖᓄᳮ11ஹᖪḄ!᪀#$******&'(ᡂ*+Ḅ***ᨔ-.-PASS#$12ஹ/0123ᢓ536ឋ08$**ᝍ:;ᱯḄᱯ3=>?Ḅ“#$”ᱯ3ᐵC/0*+ḄD6EFGHᢗJK

4213ஹLᢈNO!ᔠQRSᐺᩩVWJXYᩩVWJWJᢈZ(ᡂᑣᐹᨵ^_ᱯH`aᔠᡈEcdefghijkYWlmnᨵ^_&'`NOdo3pqWlmᑖ᪆qsWlmᑖ᪆qtFᾯᡂvஹᾯᵯKxyᵯᾯzS{Kxᢈ|ᙠ~ᳮḄYᵨḄ⌱ᳮWl⌱ᳮ`ᑁ◚s`ὅᐵ᝞j`ᜧ98,97⚪~ᳮᦟᜧ-~ᳮᦟ1998
ஹ1,¡2ஹ¢᝱ᑖ¤3ஹ¥tᦪ4ஹwilcoxon§¨q5,₹ªஹ«¬⚪1ஹᑡᦪ¯k16°ᙠ±⚗~ᳮK¨³ᡠµḄᡂ¶·11,14,18,21,25,19,21,14,17,13,17,13,28,13,17,18,¸¹Ḅº|»ᙳᦪk:᪗¿¥;³ᦪ2ஹÁFmÂ⚩ÄÅÆÇÈÉ⚩ÅÆᔜ☢ḄHᦪᑖÌkÍ1Hᑮ6HÇᑣÉÂ
ÏḄÐk:Ñ¥k3ஹAÒ±K¨Ḅ»ᙳᡂ¶k72ᑖdzᦪk64ᑖÇÁZÓÔᑖÕC»ᙳᦪḄ/ᦪRk78%,ᑣÔᑖÖᙠ64×72ØÙḄ/ᦪᓰÛ/ᦪḄRk4ஹ±Ò°20/ÇᐭÝÞßÒàC±⚗KÇSá•ãḄLäåæçèàCF3Ḅ»éK¨ÇZÓK¨ᡂ¶kê¢᝱ᑖ¤ÇÁ⌕cdÞßÒ°
ãᩭḄᦟᨵåæᔲᨵᦔὃ⇋ñᯠᡂóḄ&'Çlôᵨ§¨q஺ஹº⚪1ஹZÓ±ö÷øᵨlὺ/ᕒḄRk30%,Áûãüsßö÷lὺὃᐳᨵ420/Ç¢þøᵨÿ180
ḄᵨᔲᨵḄ2ஹẆὅ⌕ᜧ!"Ḅ#$ᦟᡂ'ឋḄᐵ*+,-.#᪥Ḅ!"01234Ḅ155ᵱ᝕"Ḅ#$ᦟᡂ'#$ᦟᡂ'ឋ89ᨵ:℉<ᐵ=>#$ᦟḄᡂ'?.@᝱ᑖCD"123456789101112131415

43ᡂ'493170658050811035786955907242ឋ᝕ᵱ᝕ᵱ᝕ᵱᵱᵱ᝕᝕᝕ᵱ᝕᝕ᵱEF:9.05/2(13)=2.160*0.05/2=2.1453ஹHὃJ⚗ᦟᦋ☩NOP᪥ḄᡂᦔᙠSTU⚗ᦋ☩•W.AஹBஹCஹDXᡠ᪥ᑖ1234Z[5"\T⚗]^_`᝞,᪥ABCD]^
ᦪn25182113cᙳᑖᦪx56498275e5.88.317.916.6fOP᪥STg⚗ᦟᦋ☩Ḅᡂᦔᨵ:℉EFhFmax(0.05)=3.28;F0.01(3.70)=4.08;F0.05(3.70)=2.74Xஹi⚪ᙠkᵨl<ᐵᑖ᪆noᐗqrᑖ᪆stuvwxᐵy⚪z{ᜧ-}ᳮᦟ1997-ஹ51ஹS2ஹ᪗3ஹs9ᑡᑖ᪆4ஹa┯ß┯5ஹ᪗ᑖᦪஹ1ஹᵯᙠHᦟ⁚W]U⁚Ḅᦔ`UẆḄ᪵tH2ஹHὃJ¡¢᝱£ᦟ¤¥Ḅᐵ*¦§¨10ḄᦈᐭHh10648ஹ17416ஹ6517ஹ16583ஹ14821ஹ14821ஹ14821ஹ21000ஹ9887ஹ8796ᑣᐸ0ᦪH,®*ᦪH,XᑖH3ஹZ¯°±²•*ᑡ³´Ḅµ¶·¸Ḅcᙳ
ᦪH45
᪗H4
᪷ºᑗ¼½ᳮᑣ¾¿ᒹÁ75%+¸ÃḄµ¶
ᦪÄ9H4ஹ0ÅÆÇὃᐭᜧḄ
ᦪH60%,Ꮇ>ᙠÉÊᓣὃfsὃᐭᜧḄὃ"0ᨵ80%Ḅ
ᐸcᙳᡂ'ÌᑮÎÏÐÑὃÂᜧḄ
0Òᨵ10%Ḅ
ÌᑮÎÏZ¯°"ḄÉÊὃᡂ'HÎÏU"ὃÂᜧḄᭆ᳛tH5ஹᎷ>ÕÖ*×Ø⚗ÙÆὃfḄcᙳ
ᦪH78%,ZU*ᑁḄᓫÜᨵ200
ᜓ±²ὃf⚜ß×Øg⚗ÙÆὃfḄ
ᦪtH
eH
Z⌕à×Øg⚗ὃfḄ
ᦪáâᐸᭆ᳛$ã0.05,¾¿tᨵ
×Øg⚗]^஺

446ஹæ505"\TAஹBஹCì⚗}ᳮ]^í¨ᔜ⚗]^89Ḅï<ᐵ*ᦪrab=0.6(),rac=0.82,rbc=0.76஺ᑣoû<ᐵ*ᦪra.bc=oZý¨A]^¨ᑖ(þÿ)BஹCᑖ()ḄᑣḄᦪ7ஹ12!ᡂ#⚗᪗&'(ᡠ◤Ḅ+,-./᝱ᑖ1ᐸ᪗&36.28ᑖ7᝞9Ẇ;ὅ=>?᪵A3ᨵ0.95Ḅᭆ᳛HIJᡈLJ1.5ᑖ7᪵MNOPQ8ஹRS#⚗ḄTᙳᑖᦪ-./᝱ᑖ1VW?X5YZ[Ḅᡂ\21,25,20,18,21,_`TᙳᑖᦪḄ0.95abc,____________efg0.05/2(4)=2.776lஹmn⚪1ஹ#⚗ᡂYpᳮḄᑖᦪ-./᝱ᑖ1rTᙳᑖᦪ55ᑖVW?X8YZ[ᙠ⚗tḄᑖᦪg58,52,64,63,59,62,62,55஺wx0.05Ḅy℉ឋ|T}᪵MḄTᙳᑖᦪ~_`Tᙳᑖᦪ,Ḅ300.05/2=2.776)2ஹVW?X900ᢥᦟ(ᵬஹ)~ᡂ\(ஹஹ)ᑖ9᝞⊤ᦟ~ᡂ\ᔲᨵᐵὶ(efgx0.05(2)=5.99)ᦟ2ᵬᡂ\368324002851530017625200S829719003ஹẆ;ᦟᚪᦟᦔ9Ḅ¡ᦟ(A)ᨵ3|Talஹa2ஹa3¥ᚪ(B)ᨵ2|Tblஹb2,ᐳ¨ᡂ6©ᜐᳮ?X24VWᑖ«ᑮ6¨¨4YZ[Ḅᦔ9ᑖ᝞⊤ABS⊤alala2a2a3a3blb2blb2blb23448512666971343485123327211161516321948wx3ᑖ᪆⊤ᦪ¯°±²³´µ¶Ḅ·mᑖ᪆efgFmax(0.05/2)=15.44;F0.01(1.18)=8.28;F0.01(2.18)=6.01»¼ᜧ(¾¿᪥c)•ÂÂÂÃÄÅắÇÈẆ;ᐭὃww⚪ὃwËÌgÍÎpᳮÏὃÐ(gÑÒ⚪(Ò1ᑖᐳ60ᑖ)1.(),()ᙠÓÔÕ┱×ØÙÚtÛÜpᳮÝÞßpᳮᡂÜàáØḄË

452.YMâãpᳮâ⌕Ẇ;åæ3.ÝᢣåæḄpᳮẆ;4.èéêᢣåæ5,×ØëᐺᩩîèéḄïMᩩîåæð'ᩩîèé×ØḄïMᩩîåæ6.ñÓpᳮòåæᵨᦪômẆ;õö~÷øᜧIᐵ+ùúåæ7.ûᮞ⁐Ḅþÿᱏᙠ⁐ᨵ⁐8.ᵨ"#$Ḅᐹᨵ'ᱯឋḄ*+ᱥ-./Ḅ0123ᐗ9.ᐵ"7⁐8Ḅ9ᑴ;ὅ=>-ᔜᳮAᐸCDEFGHᙢJK⁐LMNOPQRDS⁐Tᔠ10.XYZᔠ⚣᳛]8ᢣ᪗`aPbcde11.fgḄhᳮA]“ᎷkὃmD”o]12.ᙠᑨrsḄtuឋv☢x⍝ᨬH13.|}ᛞᑣᢣ14.fḄ*+ᐜN-s◞0.06-15.*+ᱥḄ-ᙠssRuḄឋ16.ᙠᡄCḄ⊦ᙠN30ᑖ-`Ḅᱯ¡17.PetersonPetersonªmCᙠ«¬®s¯ᵨ°]±ᓫḄ³´µ¶·¸Ḅ]¹ᑖᐸºḄ18.¬C»ᙠ•½gḄ¬¾¿ᵫÁÂÃᳮ;įᵨxŪmƪḄ19.ὶÈÉÊḄ#ËÈ᪀R"Í᪍ÏḄÐÑ#ËÈ᪀Òᜐᙠ"20.ᢥÍ᪍ÏḄÐÑ#ËÈ᪀ᭆÖ⊤Ø⍳Ú3Ûᑣ⊤21,ÝWasonḄ⌱áâãªm.᧜°,åæçᦪåᣚᡂëᧇíî=R⌱┯kᱏ°.᧜°22.ᭆÖñᡂC¯ᵨòóឋôᯖḄöឋᙠ"23.ᙠᭆ᳛÷ᳮCøùḄúû}ᨵ24.᫃ýþᵨÿ
⚪ḄᵨᲡᲡ⚪Ḅᳮ⚪Ḅ25.⍡!"ᢣ26.%ᙠᜮᾯ)*⌼,-"Ḅ./ᩞᧇ27.3ᦻM.Ievine;ᵨ<ᐭ
>?@ABCD>ḄEFᙠG28.-ᡂJKLᡈN!N"ḄᎷPQRḄSTUḄST29.ᳮWXYJ•[ᑡḄᳮ]^_⌕aJ30.ᳮ)ḄdᙽfghFijk᪀ḄmnopaḄq31.ᢈtuvḄᩩxᨵz{|{}~,{}~32.ᢣ33.⊤⌕Ḅ⚪ᜧ}ᦔᨬ,ᑣᦔᳮ)U34.%Nmᱥ35.ᐲ¢ᳮ£¤ᳮ£ᨵ¥¦ᜐ¨©ªᜐᑣᙠG36.E«YḄ./ᱯ37.®ᑮ°Cᢈ±Ḅ²³´Ḅ~⁚ᑣ¶·ᵫ¹ᑴ38.ᨵ%pa»¼½⊤®¾ᩭÀÁÂ.¶ᓄÀᡠÅ39.%ᡠÆᨵªḄÇÈÉÊËᐸÍÎ_⌕Î

4640.ᓝÐÑÒᙠÓÔÂÕÖ×)Øᑖ78ᑖÚÛÜÝq³ᙳᑖᦪ68ᑖ᪗áâ5ᑖᑣãḄÕᖪ41.åÎæ|çèᳮWÂéêëì¾Ḅã42.|ឋ¢k᪀ᐹᨵÖᱯឋÎ43.ᓱᱯêì¾%¢dᱯឋðñ?òᑖåÉóὅõᓫḄÎæ÷%¢-ᡂḄ./ᡂøùὅᑣᵫúûÎæüýþÿᡂ44.ᙠᵨᡂḄᱥ45.ᢗᢣ46.!"Ḅ#$ᔲ&ᑁ᜜)*+⌕Ḅᑜᑖ/0Ḅ123456$7809:Ḅᐵ<=ᵨ>?ᩭ⊤BC.EFG⚪I⚪10ᑖᐳ40ᑖ1.LMNOPQᳮLS᪷UVḄWXYZ/ḄQᳮᾯ\]^BḄ_^᧜a஺2.cde“ghijᐰl]^mḄnoᐭqrslᡃ6uvNḄnoᐭqrs”xyez3.SZ{QᳮL\|}rsḄ~஺4.ᔠSZuG⚪ḄḄᶍ஺{QᳮLᓭᜧ2002ஹuv1ஹ᦮WᐜឋᎷ2ஹ:3ஹᦔ4ஹᩞᧇq5ஹ┯¢ឋᔠ6ஹ£ᙽ7ஹ¥ᦔ8ஹᐺ:ឋᦔ9ஹQᳮ§¨10ஹ-Ḅᑖ᪆Cஹ«F1ஹ¬Ḅᱯ¯᦮ᔠᳮYᒹ±²³ᑁ´x2ஹ«Zrsqµ¶eḄ_⌕ᑁ´3ஹ·+¸ṹeḄ_⌕ᑁ´ᨵᕟ³4ஹcdᭆ½ᡂḄᎷ¾¿ஹYZ1ஹSÀZBÁ{QᳮL18\ÂḄ{¢ᳮY{¢Ꮇὃe&ÄÅᱥe2ஹSÀZ|}rsÆḄ<ᑡÈÉஹ¶ÊÈÉஹËPÌ:&·+Ì:3ஹYZ{QᳮLᐵÍᭆ½᪀ḄᳮY&2003ÏÐᜧQᳮLὃẆS⚪ÒẠQᳮL•ஹuvÕ4ᑖ/⚪1ஹPASSÌ:2ஹᢗ×3ஹ◤⌕$Ù4ஹWeinerḄÙÚÛᳮY5ஹ᪀ᦔ6ஹᱯ¯᦮ᔠᳮY7ஹ¥ᦔ8ஹG⚪ÜÝ஺Cஹ«F⚪Õ8ᑖ/⚪1ஹ«Z/9ÞḄᭆ½ß⊤Bµ¶஺2,«Z!"ḄÙᑖᓄᳮY஺3ஹ«Zá⌼ឋãäßᐸᱯ¯஺4ஹ«Zæç}ᑖ᪆$ç}ᑖ᪆Ḅèé஺5ஹ«Z{¢ẆêḄ¿8_⌕ëᔣÕᎷeὃeஹËí{¢ÄÅᱥeஹînᛞQᳮL஺

476ஹᾯᡂðஹᾯᵯ×òóᜧᾯôõö×òᢈøᙠQᳮLẆêḄᵨ஺¿ஹEFG⚪1ஹSZ᪷UQᳮöùú▊Z᝞ýþrsᦔÿ஺20ᑖ2ஹᐵḄ஺153ஹ᝞⊤Ḅ!"⚪஺204ஹ$%&'(Ḅ)*⌱,ᳮ./0᧜⌱,ᳮ.23$%&ᑁ◚6738ὅḄᐵ:;᪵315>ᓭ@ᜧ04ஹᦟCᳮᦟC75ᑖDEF25ᑖ1GHIឋ2⊤K3▰ឋM4ᐳ⌕PQ5ᐗSTU⚪30ᑖ1UᝍWXYSZ᪀ᓄḄ3]^_2U`abḄcd_efZ᪀3Uᡂhijklᑖ᪆20ᑖklᭆ⌕opqD]15rḄ᝕tuvẚFxy8ᜧᦪu{⚪|}~᱐.ᦻ|ᦪuy஺ᵨ⌼⌼Ḅᑖ᪆kl|}᝞ᙠᦟut|uvḄ⌼஺C75ᑖDEF20ᑖ1ᓄឋ2ᓄᓄ3ᡃtCᡃtC4ឋSឋ⁐S5ᡃឋᔠ*TU15ᑖ1u¡¢CᳮuIḄ᪗¤&$%3¥¡¢CᳮuᑮCᳮuḄ§¨©ft|ª«Cᳮu¬~®¯2$%&⁐°,3¡¢⁐°,ᢈ©f²ᔊª«´⌕▤¶3·tv0ᢙCᳮḄ⊤¹º_»ᐸ½vḄ´⌕¾¿&$%j.20ᑖ1¡¢À*ÁÂéf»ᐸÄÅÂÃḄᐵ:2ÆÇÈÉÊᐵËÌCᳮiÍÌCᳮi»ᐸḄ´⌕ÎஹᦪÏᑖ᪆10ᑖ᪷ÏF⊤|ᑖ᪆Ñu¡¢ÒᳮḄ´⌕ÓÔ஺/Õᶍ|ᑢØÙ|¡¢Cᳮ2

48ÚஹkÛÜÝ10ᑖÞὃà¡¢áâã´⚪|ÜÝDäU⌕ḄkÛºᫀ|æçèᔠéᑡᩩìo1°ᵨíîÜݺ_|2ÞïðãñI¨ò3Þáâᦔ᳛ã´⌕õòᢣ᪗÷CDEF15ᑖ1Dø2⌱,ឋ'(3ᑁ◚áâ4⊤ùZ᪀úùZ᪀5ûüTU40ᑖ1UaᑭþḄᾯ
2⚪Ḅᶍ3Ḅ“ᐶ”4ḄPASS5⍡Ḅ!"#$%⍡Ḅ&'()20ᑖ+$%,-.ᡂ012Ḅ&'3ᳮ540ᑖ68ᑖ17ᵫ92:ᦪ3<ᑖ=ᦪ4?@AB)12ᑖ1CADᐵஹGHDᐵḄIᵨᩩL2ᨵ,NOPQRHᵱ᝕UḄV
WXYZ[\ᵱUḄ]Z᪵_0᝕UḄ•]Z᪵_abcWᡃeYᔲ&ghij+kᙠQRHmnoḄDpqreYDᐵ᪵_WᡈὅreYuv᪵_WwxyḄᑨ{|}~஺(ஹᑖ᪆51ᙠ⚗ឋ-ẆWᙠ7ᵫḄᩩL.7⌱Ḅ@஺ᑖgᦻ☟0W506ឋpḄ|}Ḅ⌱᝞⊤Wᵱ᝕⌱Ḅ@Yᔲᨵp6ᑖ⊤1@Ḅ⌱☟ᵱ718᝕11142•+ca¡10¢W£¤᝞⊤2ᡠ¦W+§vYxXḄ¨©@14ᑖ⊤2,+c£¤ª«12345678910

49X2103005891212Y1420123445¬335ᑖ■612ᑖ1¬c#ᐸᱯ°2᜜ᙠᦔ9#ᐸ³´3µ¶·4¸.¹ᦔB)15ᑖ1º»Y¼½¾¼½¾Ḅ@¿ᨵÀÁ2+OPÂ⁐ÄÅḄÆ⁐¿0Ç⁐¿ÈÉp3Ê3ᳮᱥᳮÌ\¡ÍÁÎÏᩭÑQ█▲Ô9(¬cÕ58ᑖwÌᵨÖ×Ø¿ᑴ½]3ᳮÚ⊤(█oÜÅ)03RÞẠ3ᳮ75ᑖ-616ᑖ1◤⌕2ã1¿3ᨔå4æç"B)40ᑖ1èéḄ©&ᳮê2OPᑁ◚íîï᜜ðíî3ZñòñḄó&4+,-ᱯôᳮêḄᜧö&'(ê19ᑖ÷øù-Ḅ(ᐗᳮê3ᳮ5)16ᑖ1OP᪗üA0᪗üýḄÉpWþÿ
ᙠᑖ᪆Ḅ⌕ᵨ⌶஺2ᑖ᪆Ḅ24ᑖ136!ᑖᦪḄ᪗$%9.6ᑖ&ᐸ()*5ᑖ2ᦟ,-%./01Ḅ234)5΅•801%9:;<=>?./Ḅ01ᐳ50ABCD0123!(WISC-CR),EFᐸ)ᙳ2ᖪ%108,᪗$%8஺Iᔲ-%./01Ḅ234)KLMN801O14ᑖ3ᙠᵬஹS>TU!ᩩWXY8ZAB!ᐸEF᝞X⊤]ᵨX2^!Y>TU!ᩩWX_]`ḄaḄb

50℉ឋ^!5ᑖᑖᦪᵬTᩩW30322923STᩩW20301915Uk~Zm10ᑖ1n᠚ᑺᦔr2U!s3tuvwxᑣ4ᓺ|}5vw~ᦔ15ᑖ1]kᳮᱥᳮ3T}Ḅaᡈ4ᑖ2U!Y_]Ḅ}ᨵO᝞ABO5ᑖ3Oᑏᨵ3?U!ᜐᳮ4)Ḅ᪗$6ᑖU!10ᑖ⚪¡¢£01ᑖ¤B%¥¦ḄU!Ẇ¨ᦟk“⌱«20ᑖ1¬®Ḅᦟ¯kᳮ°±A᫃´µB·¸¹ᱯC᫥½¾DÀÁ2ᡂÃÄḄ¬ὅ±A᫥ὤBÀÁCÇDÈᱯɵ3ÊËH.F.Harlow¬=AwÔÕÖBᭆØÖCÃÙÚÖDᐵÜÝᣚÖ4ßᙠ1954àá¬ÃâãḄkᳮ°±AäᱯåBÊæᱯ.çèCéêëDìí5îä¸Flavell¬=Aᐗ-òBÃóᶍC-òóᶍDõÀöóᶍ6⊤÷øùឋòúḄᨬüᓫþ±Aÿ
B
C⚪Dᭆ7⊤ᔣᑖᐜᔣAB____ᑴBB8"⌕$%&᛻(&᛻)ᙠᐳ,ᡂᑖ./01%2345ᑮ701%/81ᳮ:;A<,⌕=>Bᐵ@Aᣚ>CC
DE>DᭆF>9ᨬIJKLMᳮ:ḄOAPQBRSCTUVDWᱯYU10\᧜ᱯ^ᳮ:_`abḄ/cdᢝf1ᦟḄ

5114ᑖ1ᐜὅ2ᝍ(⚪zs
:14ᑖ:ᙠᦟ᝞Ḅ⌼3¡ᫀ£ᑖ᪆15ᑖ¥ᵨ§ᳮᑖ᪆¨£15ᑖ©£ᭆ⌕ª«¬y®ᐶ°«/ᦪὁ³´µnᨵ°Ḅ©£%⚪ᔾ¸¹º/ᐶ°Ḅᦑ©஺½§“⌱À20ᑖ1ÁÂÃÄŽƧᳮḄ§ᳮᑖÇOAÈɧᳮBÊ˧ᳮCÌl½Æ§ᳮDÍΧᳮ2ÏÐÑÒÓ§ᳮḄÔÍOAÕᦻBS.×CØÙDÚᱯ3ÒÓᜧᾯÝÞᔜ⚞áᡂâḄOAP—0—T—FB0—T—P—FCF—P—T—0D0—T—P—F4ãä⃩hÒÓæç᳛45ᨬcé℉Ḅ.ëOAì᎔ᦪ3ÌᨴBìä3ÌᨴCìï6ÌᨴDì6Ìᨴ5¨>KᐹᨵᭆFឋðÅḄñc᪗ó/ÒÓôõ½ᙠA9-11ÌᨴB12ÌᨴC11-13ÌᨴD14-16Ìᨴ6▰ᓟÑḄ⊤ø/ᨵðùḄᦔûüµýðù½ᙠAþÒïëBþÒëC«ïë1«ë7ÿ
ឋᓄA᝱ᳮBᳮCᳮD!ᳮ8"#$%&Ḅᐵ)*+A,-.B/-.C0-.D1-.923%&4567Ḅ829ᢙ*ᑖ<+A=>*?@>*B=@>*?☘᧡*C@>*?☘᧡*D=>*?☘᧡*10ᙠDEᐵFᓃIJKLMNOḄP*ᙠA@>*B5P*C"P*DQ5P*RST12ᑖ1UVW2XYZ[3\⁐^_/`a14ᑖ1`bcdᩲᐵ>fgᳮ%&Ḅhi2`bᨵᐵ>fklmnᑖᓄḄO⌕pD,b14ᑖ᪷rV1,b=>MN%&Ḅᱯ஺uV=>ឋvwḄ%&ᶍy0z{15ᑖ᪷r>f#$%&ḄO⌕|ᦪz{~ὃ>f#$%&ᱯḄZ[ᫀᔠᑡᩩ1^ᵨᔣẆ2I-

52