程诗语定稿

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ContentsChineseAbstract1EnglishAbstract21.Introduction32.LiteratureReview33.WritingBackgroundandContentIntroduction43.1WritingBackground43.2ContentIntroduction53.3FeminismandFeministLiterature64.EmbodimentandAnalysisofFeminismintheWork74.1LoveandMarriageConcept74.2GenderEqualityConcept84.3SelfIndependenceConcept95.Conclusion10References12

1浅析《小妇人》中的女性主义摘要路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的《小妇人》是在19世纪的美国所创作出的众多歌颂女权主义的文学作品之一。随着时间的推进，女性解放运动在世界上的众多国家与地区都取得巨大的发展，女性的社会地位也有极大的进步。而《小妇人》一书在其中起着重要作用。本文将结合《小妇人》的创作环境及背景，深入剖析这本小说所蕴含的女权主义思想。在众多同类书籍中，路易莎的《小妇人》可以说是其中典范。小说中诠释了女性的美丽品质和独特精神，书中角色都有强烈的情感，她们追求自由与平等，严格自律。《小妇人》是在美国内战期间创作的，当时的女性对男性的生活方式和价值观有着浓厚的兴趣，而那时社会认可传统的女士形象无法进入主流社会，要想改变自己的社会地位，只能通过社会唯一认可的方式---婚姻。女性必须遵循父权制社会为其设定的价值观和道德规范，这时的妇女没有任何社会权利，也没有受到社会的尊重。关键词：《小妇人》；女性主义；19世纪12

2ABriefAnalysisofFeminisminLittleWomenAbstractLittleWomenbyLouisaMayAlcottisoneofmanyfeministliteraryworkscreatedinthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates.Countriesandregionshaveachievedgreatdevelopmentandwomen’ssocialstatusandspiritualaspirationshavealsomaderemarkableprogress.AndLittleWomenplaysanimportantroleinit.ThisarticlewillcombinethecreativeenvironmentandbackgroundofLittleWomentodeeplyanalyzethefeministideascontainedinthisnovel.CountingnumerousAmericanfeministbooks,Louisa’snovelLittleWomencanbesaidtobeamodeloffeminism.Inherwork,Louisainterpretsthebeautifulqualitiesanduniquespiritofwomeninhercharactersandhernovels.Thecharactersinitallhaveaverystrongenthusiasm.Theypursuefreedom,advocateequality,andarestrictwithself-discipline.LittleWomenwascreatedduringtheAmericanCivilWar.Atthattime,Americansocietyrecognizedthattraditionalwomenwereattachedtomen’slifestyleandvalues.Societyrecognizedtraditionalladyimages.Womencouldnotenterthemainstreamsociety.Theycanonlychangetheirsocialstatusthroughmarriage,theonlywayrecognizedbysociety.Womenmustfollowthevaluesandmoralstandardssetbypatriarchalsociety.Atthattime,womendidnothaveanysocialrightsandwerenotrespectedbysociety.Keywords:LittleWomen;feminism；19thcentury12

31.IntroductionLittleWomenwaswrittenbyAmericanwriterLouisaMayAlcottin1868andisconsideredoneofthefeministmasterpiecesforitsstrongfeministappeal.ThenovelismainlybasedontheemotionsandlivesofthefourdaughtersoftheMarchfamily,Josephine,Meg,BethandAmy.ThenoveldescribestheupsanddownsofthelivesoffoursistersofanordinaryfamilyinNewEngland.Thenovelhasadeepermeaninginthedescriptionofordinarylifeandexpressesaprofoundthemethroughsimplenarration.Atpresent,theacademiccircle’scommentsonthisnovelmainlyfocusonthecharacterofthefourprotagonistsandtheanalysisoftheplotofthenovel.Infact,thefeministconnotationinvolvedinthetextisworthyofattention.FeminismrunsthroughthewholeplotofLittleWomen,whichmakesthisnoveluniquetoattractreaders.Inthenovel,theauthorputsforwardsomethoughtsandideas,whichreflecttheimportanceofwomen’sdignityandindividualfreedomandequality.DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,women’sactiveparticipationinvarioussocialmovementsslowlyraisedtheirstatusinsocietyandchallengedthetraditionalconceptoffamily.Nolongerweremenworkingoutsideinthefamily,andwomenweregivenjobopportunitiesandtheynolongerdependedonthem.Forwomen,theyhavegainedthesamerightstoeducation,votingandotherrightsasmen.ItisthebackgroundofLittleWomen.2.LiteratureReviewLittleWomenistheproductofsocialthoughttransformation.Ontheonehand,itisinfluencedbythetraditionalmoralstandardsofwomen,thatis,submissivenessandfamily-related,inthelate19thcentury.Ontheotherhand,itisalsoinspiredbytheearlyfeminismmovement.Itsupportswomentohaveaspiritualoutlookofself-reliance,independenceandthepursuitoffreedom.Therefore,womeninthisperiodhavedualattributesandsomewomenhesitate,cower,andreceivegoodenlightenmenttotrytoescapefromthecontradictionwithtradition(王晓丰,2011).However,itisnoteasyforwomentotakeeverystepforward;itcanbedescribedasdifficult,becausewomen’swordsanddeedsareunderthewatchfuleyeofmen.Wecanalsounderstandthiskindofgazeasakindofsurveillance,whichisarestraintonwomen’sbehavior,incasewomenoverstepthelimitations.Itcanbeimaginedthatwomen’sliteratureproducedunderthisbackgroundwillalwaysbesubjecttovariousrestrictions,anditisdifficultfortheestablishmentofwomen’ssubjectiveconsciousnesstoescapetheinfluenceofpatriarchy.12

4LouisaMayAlcottcompletedthecreationofLittleWomenin1868.Shewasinthesecondindustrialrevolution(late1960s-1870s).Atthattime,therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thehumandesiretocontrolnatureexpandedunprecedentedly,confusingnaturewiththerealproblemsfacinghumanbeingsthemselves,tryingtoconquernaturethroughtheuseoftechnology,andmeetingtheneedsofhumandevelopmentastheultimategoal(LeeJ,2006:21).TheCivilWarisaclassicexample.Technologicalrationalityembracesthebeliefthathistorywillalwaysprogress.Whenslaveryinthesouthimpededthedevelopmentofnortherncapitalism,warasacertainsenseofrationality,theuseofscienceandtechnology,andutilitarianism,broughtgreatchangestoAmericansocietyandatthesametime,thosechangesprogressivelyturnedintothedominantforcesrestrictingpeopleespeciallywomen(莫亚文,2013).Atthattime,theUnitedStateswasapatriarchalcountry.Itwascustomarythatmenenjoyhigherstatusthanwomen.WomenhadnosubjectiveconsciousnessandwereseverelyrestrainedanddominatedbytraditionalVictorianideas.Thefirstwaveofthewomen’sliberationmovementfromtheendofthe18thcenturytothe1920smadefeministideaswidelyspread.Thegoalofthewomen’sliberationmovementatthattimewastostriveforequalrightswithmen,suchastherighttovote,therighttoeducation,propertyrights,andtherighttowork.Thecontradictionbetweenwomen’spursuitoffreedomandpatriarchyhasintensified,andfeministideashaveemergedatthehistoricmoment,breakingtheelectoralsystemexclusivelyformen,andwomen’srighttovotehasgreatlyimprovedwomen’ssocialstatus.Feministsaretryingtomodifythemindsetofpeopleandlaunchanunprecedentedimpactontraditionalgenderroleconcepts.WomeninLittleWomenchangedthetraditionalfemaleimage,germinatedthefemalesubjectiveconsciousness,andstrovefortheirownvalue(LeeJ,2006:21).Theywerenolongeraffiliatedwithmenandbecamerepresentativesofnewwomen.1.WritingBackgroundandContentIntroduction3.1WritingBackgroundBorninPhiladelphia,USA,LouisaspentherlifeinConcord,NewEngland.ConcordisthecitywhichEmersonandthegreatphilosopherThoreaulived.Therefore,whenshewaswritingLittleWomen,Louisaalwayscastthoseheroicmen’sthoughtsintothelinesofthenovelwithoutleavingatrace.Atthesametime,sheintegratedConcord’sbeautifulnaturalsceneryandharmoniouslifeintohermind.Inaddition,theauthorwasinfluencedandnurturedbyherself-taughtfatherasachildanddevelopedastronginterestinwriting.Inthenovel,Louisaalsorevealedthatherparentshadadvancedanduniqueeducationforthefouroftheirsisters,thatis,12

5advocatingnature,payingattentiontotheinnereducationoftheirsisters,andlearningthebookknowledgeonthebasisofmaintainingtruth,goodnessandbeauty.AndthesewonderfulmemoriesoflivinginConcord,LouisausedthecreationofLittleWomentopresentthemonebyonetothereaders,anddrewapictureofthepeacefullifeinthebeautifulnaturallandscape.LuisaMayAlcottcreatedLittleWomenduringtheperiodofpatriarchalruleinAmericanSociety. Atthattime,thesocietyrespectedthetraditionalmoralstandardof"realwoman",andthecoreofitscreedwastobanwomen’snaturalinstinctsfromfamilylife,toplaytheroleofgoodwivesandgoodmotherstipulatedbysocietyforwomen,andtohinderwomen’spersonalityliberationwiththisinvisibleshackle (王欣欣,2014).Thesociety’soppressionofwomenmadeherawareoftheconstraintssocietyimposedonwomen.Shedeterminestofollowtheindependentpathandarrangeherdestinyaccordingtoheridealpattern. Sheworkshardtocreateliteraturesothatshecanimproveher family economic conditions.Shewrites,‘Iwillgettomakeabattering-ramofmyheadandmakemywaythroughthisroughandtumbleworld.’DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,women’sactiveparticipationinvarioussocialmovementsslowlyraisedtheirstatusinsocietyandchallengedthetraditionalconceptoffamily.Notonlyweremenworkingoutsideinthefamily,butalsowomenweregivenjobopportunitiesandnolongerdependedontheirhusbands.Forwomen,theyhavethesamerightsasmentoeducation,voting,etc.LittleWomenwascreatedinthiscontext.3.2ContentIntroductionThestoryofLittleWomentakesplaceduringtheAmericanCivilWarandittellsthelifeofanordinaryfamilyinNewEngland.Themainthreadofthenovelistheemotionalconflictbetweenfamilymembers.ThefourdaughtersoftheMarchfamilystruggleforloveandlife,andeachperson’spersonalityadifferentendinginlife.Megisextravagantandvanitywhensheisyoung.Butinordertopursuetheloveinherheart,shemarriesapoorboyandlivesapoorbuthappylifeaftermature.Thehousewifelaterbecomesawriterafterhardwork;Bethshowsmorephilosophiesaboutlifeanddeathandexistence.Bethistoughandbrave,doesnotfearofdeath,andcanfacelifecalmly.Amyiswillingtohelptheweakandsetupacharity.Sheandherhusbandrespecteachotheraftermarriage.Inthenovel,thefoursistershavedifferentpursuitsinlife.Theylovetheirfamilies,valuethefamilyandlove,butintheprocessofchasingtheirideals,theyshowanindependentandstrongside,self-disciplineandself-reliance.Fromacertainpointofview,readerscanmoreorlessseetheshadowoftheauthorAlcottfromtheseprotagonistsofthenovel,whichincorporatesAlcott’sunderstandingandpursuitofaffectionandloveandalsoexpressesherownattitudetowardssocialclasses,dialecticalthinkingandrevealingoftheircontradictions(LeeJ,2006:21).ThewriterofLittleWomenAlcottdescribedindetailthe12

6psychologicalgrowthandemotionalprocessofthefourheroineswithdelicatebrushstrokes,expressingpraiseandaffirmationofthebeautifulemotionssuchasloyaltyandselflessness,andalsosentherfeministpursuit.AnimportantcommonfeatureofthefoursistersoftheMarchfamilyisthattheyalllikeactivitiessimilartorecitals.Accordingtothechapter“TheP.C.andP.O.”,wecanseethat,infact,thefoursistersallwanttosocializeinsocietylikemen.Theyorganizeandparticipateinseminarsactivelybecausetheywanttohaveequalrightswithmenfrombeginningtoend.Atthattime,theideathatmenweresuperiortowomenwasverypopularinthesociety.Thefoursistersdonotwanttobreakfreeofthisrestraintallthetime.Theydonotwanttobemanipulatedasmen’splaythings,butwanttohavetheirownrightsandorganizations.WhenJowantstointroduceLaurieintheorganizationofthecommunitytheysimulated,thedifferentreactionsofthesistersreflectthesocialstatusofwomenbeingignoredandnotguaranteed(苑晓阳,2015).Theyweretheinitiatorsoffeminisminthatera.Theirbraveactionsagainstsocietyhaveattractedtheadmirationofmanyreaders.ThegreatestimpactonthelivesofthefoursistersisMrs.March,whoislovingbutnotbiased,fullofmotherhood.Maybethiskindofcharacterisnotconstructive,butMrs.Marchisanear-perfectwomantothefoursisters.Theconceptofsexualityunderherpreceptsandwordsthatthefoursistersdevelopedadvancedconcepts,andshegivesthefoursistersmanyimportantguidances.Eachofthefoursistershastheirownpersonality.TakingJoasanexample,sheisdeeplyconcernedabouttherightofself-selection.Shealwayscaresaboutdoingthings,andatthesametimehasastrongvitality.Sheisanindependentperson.Sheshakesofftheshacklesgiventowomenbysocietyatthattime,andchangespeople’sconceptofwomeninapowerlesspositioninsociety.Thisspiritispraisedbyreaderswidely,whichhasagreatimpactonsociety.3.3FeminismandFeministLiteratureFeminismhasgraduallydevelopedandbeenpromotedinmoderntimes.Undertheadvocacyoffeminists,itoftenachievestheappealingpurposebyimprovingwomen’srightsorbycallinginquestiontowomen’sdepressinglives,feelingsandotherlifeexperiences.Throughstruggleagainstthecultureofoppressionandexploitationofwomen,theystriveforthelegitimaterighttotheadvancementofwomen.Ontheissueofwomen'sliberation,feministscallonwomentohavetheirownindependentwork,spiritualworldandemancipatetheirminds,sothattheycanrealizethattheyarenotmen'svassalsandshouldhavetheirownfeelings.Andthepursuitofidealsandevenfeminismhasmanifesteditselfinpolitics.Politicalfeminismoftenmanifestsitselfasafeministmovement,expressedthroughbasicactivitiessuchasmarchesanddemonstrations,andthecontributingeffortsofsomepoliticianswhoholdfeministopinions.Itis12

7aquestionofthestruggleforwomen’srightsandinterestsandwomen’srequirementsforself-complaints.Thepromotionoffeminismwasrelativelylate.Feminismsupportedtheadvancementofwomen'srightsandliberatedwomenfromtheirdepressedlivesandfeelings.Theyencourageoppressedandexploitedwomentoresistandfightfortheadvancementofwomenandtheirlegitimaterightsandinterests.Withregardtotheemancipationofwomen,feministsadvocatethatwomenshouldhaveindependentlivingandspiritualspace,andrealizetheimportanceofsocialstatus.Theyarenotvassalsofmen,buttheycanalsoworkandhavetherighttoparticipateinpolitics.Acommonmanifestationofpoliticalfeminismisthefeministmovement.Withtheeffortsandsupportoffeministpoliticians,femalecompatriotshavedemonstratedtheirdesireandpursuitofwomen’slegalrightsthroughdemonstrations(夏娇,2016).Theauthorsoffeministliteratureusuallyhaveastrongfeministspirit.Inmanyfeministworks,infact,thereisalargeamountoffeministcontentandcolor.Theyhavecreatedself-reliant,tenacious,attractiveandspiritualwomen.Itpraisesindependentwomen,callsonotherwomenwhoarestillparalyzedtopursuetheirownlivesandideals,andsoon.Thisfullpromotionoffeminismisactuallyadeconstructionofthepatriarchalcenterinliteraryworksatthesametime,sothattheentirefemalestatusisexpressedthroughthenovel'sappeal,andatthesametime,italsoputsforwardcoreandessentialrequirementsforgenderequality.4.EmbodimentandAnalysisofFeminismintheWork4.1LoveandMarriageConceptInreallife,Alcottdidnotgetmarryinherlifetime,butinhernovels,wecanseeherunderstandingandcognitionoftherelationshipamongloveandmarriageandwealth.Happyloveandahappymarriageshouldbebuiltonthebasisofequality,willingnessandmutualrespectonbothsides,andmarriageshouldbemaintainedbylove.Inthenovel,Mrs.March’seducationforherdaughtersreflectsthisview.Theheroinesofthenovelhaveablissfullifeaftermarriage.Megisvainandextravagantwhensheisyoung,butsheiswillingtogiveupherfather’spropertyandmarryapoorboyinpoverty.Inlife,Amyandherhusbandareequal,respecteachother,andsupporteachothertodoanything.InLittleWomen,theauthor’sopinionoflovehasherownindependentopinion.Theauthor,Alcott,shapedthecharacteristicoftheroleMrs.March.Mrs.Marchsaid:“I’mimportant...Idon’twantmydaughtertobeshortofclothesandfoodinthefuture,butIalsowantthemtobeabletowithstandthetemptationofmoney.”Prominently,fromtheperspectiveofMrs.March,itisbelievedthatwomenshouldhavetheirowndignityandindependence.InMrs.March’sview,thebeststateofherdaughtersisthattheyarenotshortofclothesandfood,butalsocan12

8withstandthetemptationofmoney.Thisisactuallyahighhopeforherdaughtertohaveanindependentpersonalityandindependentspirit,whichisveryvaluable.Inaddition,Mrs.Marchalsosaid:"Ifmoneyandcharacterarebothgood,buttheexperienceisoftenlikethis.Ordinarypeople’shomeshaverealhappiness.Althoughtheirlivesareimpoverished,theyarefullofwarmth,friendshipandtruefeelings."HereMrs.Marchactuallyimplantsherownuniqueunderstandingoftraditionalconceptsoffamilyandlove.Shebelievesthattheloveofrichpeopleisoftenimpetuousandindifferent,whiletheloveofordinarypeopleisactuallytender,contentedandprecious.ThisseriesofviewsshowsMrs.March’sattitudetowardslove.Infact,itrequireslovetohavedignity.Thiskindofloveisasubversionoftraditionalwomenwhosuccumbtosimplemediatorsorareforcedtomarryrichpeopletoadvocatewomentoachieveindependent,dignifiedlove.Thisisundoubtedlyaconcretemanifestationoffeminism(LeeJ,2006:21).4.2GenderEqualityConceptAlcottbelievesthateveryoneisequal.Womenshouldstandupandplayvariousrolesinsociety.Theyalsohavejobsandcanrealizetheirdreams.Therefore,theywillbemateriallyandspirituallyindependent,forpersonalindependence,self-esteemandself-confidence.Atthesametime,Alcottbelievesthatthewifeandhusbandareequalinthefamily.Inhertime,likeotherwomen,sheaspirestoequalrightsinthefamilyandsocietyandtherespectofmen.Whenthefamilywasindebt,shesupportedthefamilylikeaman.EqualityisalsoanimportantthemeofLittleWomen.LikeAlcott:Jobelievesthatwomenaremorestressed,andsheintendstoachievethesamedreams.Sheiscapableofdoinggoodthingsandhelpingotherslikeherfather(JudithFetterley,1979:78).Inthenovelthefemaleimageshavedistinctivepersonalitytraits,suchasintelligence,independence,tenaciousness,dexterity,etc..Theirrequirementsonthemselvesandtheirboldpursuitofdreamsareactuallycommonadvantages.Atthesametime,thisadvantageisalsomanifestsintheindependentviewsofseveralwomenonfeelingsandmarriage,hopingtopintheirownphilosophicalthinkingonidealsandlifethroughindependent,respectfulandequalmarriagerelationshipsandemotionallife.Thisisveryvaluable.Fromtheperspectiveoffeminism,thesetrustsandcognitionarealsothefurtherdisintegrationandsubversionofthepatriarchalsociety.Throughtherequirementsfortheadvancementofwomen'sstatusandthepursuitofequalityandmutualrespect,theauthorshowstheprocessandvaluableexperienceofnumerousfemalecharactersgraduallyachievingself-purificationandself-improvementintheirlives.Suchaspiritualpursuitofequality,respect,andself-disciplineactuallyachievesapurificationandsublimationeffectonthesoulsofseveralwomenintheprocessofpursuit.12

9NumerousworksonfeminismintheUnitedStates,Louisa'snovelLittleWomencanbesaidtobeamodeloffeminism.Undertheprecipitationoftime,Luisa'sLittleWomenbecomesmoreandmoreradiant.Inthiswork,theauthorinterpretsthebeautifulqualitiesanduniquespiritofwomeninthecharactersinherworks.Inaddition,thecharactersinhernovelarefullofenthusiasm(Foote,Stephanie.2005:78).Theyeitherpursuefreedom,advocateequality,orarestrictwithself-discipline.Andthisiscompletelydifferentfromtheeleganceanddignitygiventowomenbytraditionalideas.WomeninLittleWomengenerallyhaveadeterminationtodaretopursuefreedomandclaimequalrights.Andnotonlythat,whenthesewomeninLouisa'swritingpursuefreedomandequalitybravely,theyneitherregardthemselvesastheburdenoftheirhusbands,northevassalsofmen.Therefore,intheirdailylives,bothmenandwomenshouldbeequal.InLouisa’sLittleWomen,wecanseethatMegisnolongerthebearerofallhouseholdchoresinherfamily.Sheofteninvitesherhusbandtoparticipateinthecareofthebaby.FromherewecanseethatMegfullyembodiesherstrongpursuitoffreedomandequality.Inaddition,theotherwomenappearinthisnovelaregenerallyeagertohavethesamerightsandstatusasmen,andrequiremorematerialrightswhileenjoyingthesamerightsasmen(陈玉晖,2011).Thedescriptioninthenoveliscloselyintegratedwiththefreedomandequalitythatpeoplegenerallypursueinthatera,whichmakesthefemalereadersresonatewiththenovel.4.3SelfIndependenceConceptInLittleWomen,themorefeministaspectisobviouslytheencouragementtorealizethedream.CombiningwiththebackgroundandageofwritingLittleWomenatthattime,Americansatthattimeweregreatlyimpacted,bothinthoughtandinconcretebehaviorandlifeconcepts.Inthesocialenvironmentatthattime,moreandmorewomenhavebeguntowalkoutoftheirhomesbravely,intothesocietyandontotheworldstage,andhavebeguntoworkindependently.ThisisalsoreflectedinLittleWomen.Infact,thefoursistersinthebook,throughtheirownefforts,stepbysteptowardsaself-independentworkspaceandanindependentlife.Amongthem,Megisatalentedperson.Shecanwritethescriptthroughherpersonalefforts.Shealsoparticipatesinperformancesandhasindependentmanagementskillsforfamilychores.Joisverygoodatwritingthiskindofworkandhaswoneveryone'srespect.Jobecomesawriterandfinallyrealizesherfavoritedream.IntheviewofBeth,shealwayshasherownuniqueunderstandingofthephilosophyofdeath.Itisalsopossiblethatforthisreason,Bethisveryspiritualandgoodatplayingthepiano(丁晓霞,2015);andwhileworkinghardtohelpothers,Amyisabletodrawwellwithhertalentsandefforts.Thesefourpersonalitiesandmanifestationsareactuallytheauthor’shopesforwomen’sindependentlifeandindependentspirit.Atthesame12

10time,suchtalentsandtheirrespectivecharacteristicsareactuallymanywomen’sdreams,andtheyarealsothepersonalityidealsthattheauthorwantstoentrusttowomentoday.Inthenovel,Mrs.Marchisalsooneoftheauthor'sfavoritecharacters.TheauthoralsoshapedMrs.Marchintoanindependent,educatedandself-disciplinedwoman.Atthesametime,Mrs.Marchistenacious.Sheistheembodimentofoptimism.Fromtheshapingofthesefemaleroles,itiscrystalclearthattheauthorpraiseswomen’sindependentdreamspiritandtheveryhard-workingdedication,andalsopraiseswomen’sindividualeffortstopursuetheirdreamofindependentconsciousness.AmericanfemalecriticBarbaraWelthasclassifiedwomenintofourcharacteristics:piety,chastity,obedience,andhousekeeping.Devotion,asthenameimplies,isloyalty,suchasloyaltytoyourhusband,family,andcountry.Thisisanessentialqualityasatrulyqualifiedwoman;chastitymeansthatwomenmusthavegoodconductandmorals(左红霞,2015).Itisnecessarytofollowthelawofsocialdevelopmentandnottoviolateit.Thisisaveryimportantcontentofwomen’squality;housekeepingisthemostimportantthingforawomantolearn.Onlybylearningabouthousekeepingcanshebeawomaninarealsense.Thehusbandandfamilysharetheburden.Ifyouwanttobearealwoman,youmusthavetheabovefourqualities.Althoughfeminismisconstantlydeveloping,womenshouldstrictlyabidebytheirownqualitiesandethics.Theyshouldnotputthecartbeforethehorsebecauseoftheimprovementofsocialstatus.Theyshouldconstantlyimproveandenrichthequalitiesofwomeninthecontinuousdevelopmentofsociety.5.ConclusionLittleWomenisAlcott’smasterpiece.Atthesametime,itisbeyonddoubtthatLittleWomenisaveryprominentrepresentativeworkinexpressingcomplaintsabouttheadvancementofwomenandwomen’srequirements.Theauthor,Alcott,wasalsooneoftheadvocatesoffeminism.Inthisbook,AlcottmoldedMrs.March’sfamily.UnderthebackgroundofAmericanCivilWar,MarchfamilyisanordinaryfamilyintheUnitedStates,thesefamilymembersshowaveryvaluablefeministtendency.Byshapingfourwomenwithuniquecharms,theyrespectivelyexpresstheirloyaltytotheirlove,cherishtheiraffection,andtheirpursuitofequalityandrespect.Itispraiseworthythatthroughtheirconstantstruggle,theyhavesteppedforwardtotheirdreams.Withtheircontinuousefforts,theyachievedahappyendingintheirjourney.Throughthiswork,theauthoralsoreflectsherowndesire,pursuitandrequirementsformodernwomen’sspirit,personalityandstatus.Sheembodiesthemodernwomen’srequirementsforequalstatusofmenandwomenandacallforliberationofthought.Atthesametime,thewholenovelalsoplaysagoodroleindeconstructingthepatriarchalsocietyandfurther12

11interpretingthefeministsociety.Furthermore,thebookexpressestheauthor'spersonalviewsandexpoundsthecommonaspirationsofwomen.AsamodelofAmericanfeminism,thebookLittleWomenfullydemonstratesthestrongpursuitofindependenceandself-reliance,kindnessandfraternity,andfreedomandequalityofAmericanwomeninthe19thcentury.Thereader’sunderstandingofLittleWomenandthedeepermeaningintheworkrequireustointerpretLouisa’snovelLittleWomenfromafemaleperspective,andtheninterpretitmorecomprehensively.Theconnotationoffeminismclearlyexpressesthedemandsofwomenlivinginoursociety,sothatwomenandmencantrulystandonanequalbasisandcontributetothedevelopmentandprogressofthesocietyinwhichwelivetogetherandshareourownstrength.12

12References[1]LeeJ.Alcott’sLittlewomenandthedomesticationoffemaledesire:anhonorsthesis(HONRS499)[J].2006.[2]Foote,Stephanie.ResentfulLittleWomen:GenderandClassFeelinginLouisaMayAlcott[J].CollegeLiterature,2005,32(1):63-85.[3]JudithFetterley.LittleWomen:Alcott’scivilwar[J].FeministStudies,1979,5(2):369-383.[4]陈玉晖.浅析《小妇人》中四姐妹性格特点[J].东方企业文化,2011(8):209.[5]丁晓霞.《小妇人》的女性主义解读[D].南京师范大学,2015.[6]莫亚文.漫谈《小妇人》中的女性主义[J].语文建设2013(26):30-31.[7]王晓丰.马奇家的女孩们和路易莎·梅·奥尔科特[J].咸宁学院学报,2011,11(29):135-136.[8]王欣欣.解读《小妇人》中女性人物的写作特点[J].语文建设2014(5):57-58.[9]夏娇.论《小妇人》中女性意识的觉醒[J].语文建设,2016(14).[10]苑晓阳.《小妇人》中乔的人物性格分析[J].雪莲,2015(2Z):23-24.[11]左红霞.《小妇人》中女性人物特点评析[J].芒种,2015(2):135-136.12