商务英语综合教程课件杜凤秋 ISBN9787810788113 PPT international economychap.11 analysing financial ratio.ppt

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1、AnalyzingFinancialRatiosAnalyzingFinancialRatiosWhatareFinancialRatios?Aratioisanexpressionoftherelationshipofonenumbertoanther.Therelationshipof1to3,canbeexpressedas“1to3”“1:3”“1/3”AnalyzingFinancialRatiosOneofthemostbasic,andprobablyoneofthemostusefultoolsofratioanalysisisthe“commonsizestateme

2、nt”acommonsizestatementpresentseveryitemasapercentageofthelargestitemonthestatement.Abalancesheetcanbeturnedintoacommonsizestatement;socananincomestatement.AnalyzingFinancialRatiosDollaramountscommonsizepercentageSales$100,000100%Costofgoodssold$30,00030%Grossprofit$70,00070%Operatingexpenses$54

3、,00054%Netincome$16,00016%Notes:commonsizepercentagesclarifytherelationshipsamongthestatement’scomponents,facilitatingcomparisonsbetweentwoyearsorbetweentwocompanyinthesameyear.AnalyzingFinancialRatiosTherearethreeothergeneralgroupsofratios:1.liquidityandturnoverratiosmeasureacompany’sabilitytom

4、eetcurrentobligationontimeandtouseassetsefficiently.2.leverageorsolvencyratiosmeasurethedegreetowhichthecompanyhasobtainedfinancingbyusingfundsofnoownersasopposedtousingfundsofowners.3.profitabilityratiosmeasureacompany’sefficiencyingeneratingsalesandcontrollingexpenses,asreflectedinnetprofits.A

5、nalyzingFinancialRatios1.Liquidityandturnoverratiosallhavetodowithcurrentassets.Liquidityratiosmeasureacompany’sabilitytopaycurrentdebtsonthebasisofcurrentassets.Turnoverratios(activityratios)assessthemovementofthecompany’scurrentassets.LiquidityandTurnoverRatiosCurrentRatio:howmanytimescurrenta

6、ssetscanpaycurrentliabilities.Thelargerthefirstnumber,thegreatertheassetstrength.currentratio=currentassetscurrentliabilitiesLiquidityandTurnoverRatiosAccountsReceivableTurnover(ART):measurestherelationshipbetweensalesonaccountandaveragereceivablesandisexpressedasanumber.Thehigherthenumber,thebe

7、tterthecollectioneffort.ART=salesonaccountduringperiod(beginningaccountsreceivable+endingaccountsreceivable)/2LiquidityandTurnoverRatiosCollectionPeriodforAccountsReceivable(CPAR):TheCPARwastheaccountsreceivableturnovernumbe