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1、ChangesinthePatternsofInternationalTradeMainContents1.GlobalTrends2.CommodityPatterns3.TheTradeNetwork4.WhyTradePatternsareChangingGlobalTrendsphysicalvolumeinvaluetermsCommodityPatternsintermsofvalueagriculturalproducts&mineralsotherthanfuelsmanufacturesAgriculturalProductsdroppedsharpl
2、yfrom29%in1960’stolessthan10%nowadaysagriculturalexportsconsistoffoodproducts&agriculturalrawmaterialsfoodproductsaccountingfor75%,mainlycereals,meat,fish,coffee,sugar&freshfruitstheprincipalagriculturalrawmaterials:oilseeds,pulp,rubber,hidesandfurs,cotton,&wool.Manufactureshavelongbeent
3、helargestcomponentofworldtrade,morethan60%,morethroughincreasesinvolumethaninprices.machinery&transportationequipment:accountforhalfthetradecustomergoods:accountfor20%therest:nonferrousmetals,iron&steel,chemicals&othersemi-manufacturesTheTradeNetworklargebulkofexports&importsinindustrial
4、izedcountries.theindustrialareasaccountfor62%ofexports,66%ofimportsprincipalchangeingeographicalpatternsince1973theincreasedimportanceoftraditionaloil-exportingdevelopingcountries,accountfortwothirdsoffuelexportsTheTradeNetworktheEuropeanUnionisthelargesttradingarea,accountingformorethan
5、onethirdofexports,morethanhalfofthistradeisintra-communitytrade.U.S.exports:isonly10%ofGNPJapan’sexports:about11%ofGNPWhyTradePatternsareChanging1.Engels’law2.pricetrends3.technologicaldevelopments4.expansionofmultinationalenterprisesEngels’lawAspersonalincomesrise,consumerexpendituresfo
6、rfoodgrowatalesserrate.Asincomesriseconsumerswillspendincreasingsharesoftheirincomeonluxurygoods-generallymanufactures-anddecreasingsharesonnecessitiesincludingfood.TechnologicalDevelopmentsTechnologyhasaffectedworldtradeinanumberofprimaryproductsthroughdevelopingsyntheticsubstitutesforn
7、aturalrawmaterials.Syntheticsubstitutescanfrequentlybeproduceddomesticallywiththeresultthatinternationaltradeincertainnaturalrawmaterialshasexpandedonlyslowly.ExpansionofMultinationalEnterprisesThesubstitutionbymultinationalenterprisesofforeignproductionforexports.
