商务英语综合教程课件杜凤秋 ISBN9787810788113 PPT international economychap.8 market economy.ppt

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1、MarketEconomyMarketEconomyWewillthinkofamarketasasetofeconomicforcescalledsupplyanddemand.Supplyforcestendtobringgoodsandservicesintoproduction.Demandforcestendtoresultinconsumptionofthosegoodsandservices.Supplyanddemandforcesinteracttoformaprice.MarketEcono

2、myDefinition:Amarketeconomyisaneconomicsysteminwhichpricesdeterminehowresourceswillbeusedandhowproductswillbedistributed.Alsowecandefiniteitaneconomyinwhichthefreemarketisprimarilyusedtodetermineresourceallocation,pricesandinvestments.MarketEconomySupply&Dem

3、and:Inbusinessdemandmeansmorethandesire.Inbusiness,demandsforagoodsorserviceexistswhentherearepeoplewhobothdesirethegoodsorservices;andhavethebuyingpowertopurchaseit;andtheymustalsobewillingtospendinordertoacquireit.MarketEconomyThequantitydemandedisthenumbe

4、rofunitsbuyerswillbuyatacertainprice.Thesupplyofagoodsorserviceresultsfromtheeffortsofproducers.Thequantitysuppliedisthenumberofunitsproducerswillofferforsaleatacertainprice.SupplyCurveThelawofsupplystatesthatthehighertheprice,thelargerthequantitysupplied,al

5、lotherthingsconstant.Thelawofsupplyisdemonstratedbytheupwardslopeofthesupplycurve.SupplyCurveShiftSomesupply-shiftingfactorsinclude:Pricesofothergoods-thesupplyofonegoodmaydecreaseifthepriceofanothergoodincreases,causingproducerstoreallocateresourcestoproduc

6、elargerquantitiesofthemoreprofitablegood.Numberofsellers-moresellersresultinmoresupply,shiftingthesupplycurvetotheright.Pricesofrelevantinputs-ifthecostofresourcesusedtoproduceagoodincreases,sellerswillbelessinclinedtosupplythesamequantityatagivenprice,andth

7、esupplycurvewillshifttotheleft.Technology-technologicaladvancesthatincreaseproductionefficiencyshiftthesupplycurvetotheright.Expectations-ifsellersexpectpricestoincrease,theymaydecreasethequantitycurrentlysuppliedatagivenpriceinordertobeabletosupplymorewhent

8、hepriceincreases,resultinginasupplycurveshifttotheleft.DemandCurveThelawofdemandstatesthatquantitydemandedmovesintheoppositedirectionofprice(allotherthingsheldconstant),andthiseffectisobservedin