lecture08主语确定

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1、英语笔译广东外语外贸大学英语教育学院崔华2009-2010第2学期Lecture#8DeterminingtheSubjectaSentence主语的确定IntroductionContrastbetweentopicandsubjectTypesofEnglishsubjectsPrinciplesfordeterminingsubjectsSummaryAfter-classpractice钱你不用还了。这锅饭能吃十个人。这匹马骑着两个人。被人缠上是件讨厌的事儿。老子打儿子,天经地义。上面坐着主席团。从她那儿能找到解决问题的办

2、法。说的是古代的一个老头，名叫愚公IntroductionYoudon’thavetopayitback/repaythemoney.Themealcanfeedtenpeople.Onthehorsewereridingtwopeople.Itisadisgustingthingtobepestered/troubled.Itisperfectlyjustifiedforafathertobeathisownson.Alsosee:Ontheplatformsatthepresidium.Wecangetasolutionfro

3、mher.ThestoryisaboutanoldmannamedYugonginancienttimes.Itisonlyrightandproperthatweshouldpaytaxestothestate.给国家纳税是天经地义的事。Anothercaseof“天经地义”Contrastbetweentopicandsubject“（主谓）这种句子(即使把被动的动作也算进去，把‘是’也算进去)的比例是不大的,也许比50%大不了多少。因此，在汉语里,把主语、谓语当作话题和说明来看待，比较合适。”--------赵元任《汉语口

4、语语法》Chinese--topic-prominentlanguageEnglish--subject-prominentlanguageTypesofEnglishsubjectsSusanisgrowingflowers．Herbookstranslatewell．Astonebroketheglass．Thejarcontainshoney.YesterdaywasMonday.Thedisputeovertheproblemlastedadecade．Itisverylate．Itisveryhotinsummerher

5、e.Itisimpossibletofinishthepaperintenminutes.agentivesubject施动主语affectedsubject受动主语instrumentalsubject工具主语locativesubject地点主语temporalsubject时间主语eventivesubject事件主语It作主语，表时间、气候或距离+It作形式主语PrinciplesfordeterminingEnglishsubjectsAddingsubjectsincaseofChinesesubjectlesssen

6、tencesChoosingassubjectswhatisprominentinthesentencesChoosingsubjectsinlinewiththeEnglishwayofthinkingChoosingsubjectswithEnglishcollocationinmindChoosingsubjectstoachievecohesivenessAddingsubjectsincaseofChinesesubjectlesssentences改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于试验。得第一名获金牌，第四名什么也拿不到。只

7、可惜宫粉涂不平脸上的皱纹，看起来好像驴粪蛋上下了霜。Wemustbecourageousenoughtoventureonexperimentsasfarasreformsareconcerned.Whoevercomesfirstwinsagoldmedalbutanyonewhocomesfourthgetsnothing.*Unfortunatelypowdercouldnotsmoothoverherwrinkledface;itlooked1ikeafrosteddonkeyturd.Unfortunatelypowde

8、rcouldnotsmoothoverherwrinkledface.Itonlymadeitlooklikeafrosteddonkeyturd.Choosingassubjectswhatisprominentinthesentences(1)