《语言学导论》第05章练习及答案)

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1、Semantics 　　I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse.　　1.DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself，forexample，withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish

2、.　　　2.Senseisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience，whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.　　　3.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.　

3、　4.Insemantics，meaningoflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.　　　5.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.　　　6.Behavioristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningo

4、falanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.　　　7.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.　　　8.Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdeg

5、reeofformality.　　　9.“itishot.”isano-placepredicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.　　　10.Ingrammaticalanalysis，thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit，butinsemanticanalysisofasentence，thebasicunitispredication，whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.　　　II.Fill

6、ineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven.　　11.S________canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.　　12.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnod______linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.　　13.R______meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointher

7、eal，physicalworld；itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.　　14.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds________.　　15.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound，butdifferentinspellingandmeaning，theyarecalledh__________.　　1

8、6.R_________oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetweenthetwoitems.　　17.C____analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.　　18.Whetherasen