《语言学导论》期末复习及练习

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1、《语言学导论》复习及各章节练习CHAPTERONEI.Designfeaturesoflanguage:productivity,duality,arbitrariness,anddisplacementII.Originoflanguage:•Themysteriousoriginofthelanguageorholyorigin•Bow-wow自然模声说•Yo-he-ho劳动号子说•Evolution进化说•Conventionalism约定俗成说•Innatism先天论•After-birthacquisition后

2、天习得说•Gestures手势说•Embodiment体验说(Reality---cognition---language)III.Functionsoflanguage:informativefunction,interpersonalfunction,performativefunction,emotivefunction,phaticcommunion,recreationalfunctionandmetalingualfunctionIV.Linguisticsanditsbranches1.Sixperiodso

3、flinguistics•Philology传统语文学时期(19世纪前)•Historical&comparativelinguistics历史比较语言学时期(19世纪)•Structurallinguistics结构主义语言学时期(20世纪初)•Functionallinguistics系统功能主义语言学时期(20世纪中)•Transferredgenerativelinguistics转换生成语言学时期(20世纪中)•Cognitivelinguistics认知语言学时期(20世纪80年代)2.internalbran

4、ches:inrea-disciplinarydivisions(内部分支)1）Phonetics（语音学）studieshowspeechsoundsarepronounced,transmittedandperceived.2）Phonology（音系学）isthestudyoftherulesgoverningthestructure,distributionandsequencingofspeechsoundsandtheshapeofsyllables.（研究语音和音节的结构、分布和序列）3）Morphology

5、（形态学）isconcernedwiththeinternalorganizationofwords.Itstudiestheminimalunitsofmeaning-morphemesandword-formationprocesses.4）Syntax(句法学)isthestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaysdifferentconstituentsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orthestudyofinterrelationshipsbetwe

6、enelementsinsentencestructures.5）Semantics（语义学）isthestudyofhowmeaningisencodedinalanguage,oritisthestudyofmeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentencesinparticular.6）Pragmatics（语用学）isthestudyofmeaningincontextorinuse.3.externalbranches:inter-disciplinarydivisions（外部分

7、支：跨学科分支，即宏观语言学分支）1）Psycholinguisticsisthestudyoftheinterrelationoflanguageandmind.2）Sociolinguisticsstudiesthecharacteristicsoflanguagesvarieties,languagefunctionsandspeakersasthethreeinteractandchangewithinaspeechcommunity.3）Anthropologicallinguisticsstudiestheem

8、ergenceoflanguageandthedivergenceoflanguageoverthousandsofyears.4）Computationallinguisticsstudiestheuseofcomputerstoprocessorproducehumanlanguage.Chapte