资源描述：
《语言学导论-第3章morphology》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、WordStructure:MorphologyMorphology形态学Thepartofthegrammarthatisconcernedwithwordformationandwordstructure.Arewordsthesmallestunits?Manywordscanbedividedintosmallerparts,E.g.:dogswalkingblackensplayerdog-swalk-ingblack-en-splay-erthepartsalsooccurinotherwords:Compare
2、:cat-s;runn-ing;dark-en-s;eat-erThesesmallerpartsoccurconsistentlywithmanywords:-s:dogs,cats,…—thepluralconsistently-ing:walking,running,…—anounfromaverb-en:blacken,darken,…—averbmeaning‘becomeADJ’fromanadjectiveADJ-er:player,eater,…—anagentivenominalfromaverb,aper
3、sonorthingwhodoesthatactivityBasicUnitsPhonology:phonemeMorphology:morpheme词素Basicdefinition:AmorphemeisaminimalunitofsoundandmeaningThesmallestunitoflanguagethatcarriesmeaning(maybeawordornotaword)AminimalunitofmeaningorgrammaticalfunctionConnection:Sound&Meanin
4、gAphonemesometimeshasmorethanonesoundform,whilebeingthesameabstractunit/p/phoneme[p][ph]allophonesMorphemes?AllomorphsInphonologyallophones:thesamephoneme,inparticularcontexts.Inmorphologyallomorphs:thesamemorpheme,inparticularcontexts(whatitisattachedto)Morpheme&
5、AllomorphsExample:EnglishpluralAlsomoose:ox:moose-Øox-enRegularIrregularMorpheme:‘minimalunitofsoundandmeaning’Afurtherdivision:whethertheycanoccurontheirownornot:No:-sindog-s;-edinkick-ed;cran-incran-berryYes:dog,kick,berryBoundmorpheme黏着词素Freemorpheme自由词素Bound&Fr
6、eemorphemeInacomplexword(twoormoremorphemes):teacherteach-errootaffixRoot(stem,base):thebasicorcoremorpheme.词干词基Affix:thethingsaddedtotheroot.Root&Affix词根&词缀Root(stem,base)词根:freeE.g.teacher,dresses,unkindboundE.g.inept,unkempt,repeat(Note:receive,submit,permit,…o
7、nemorpheme)Affix词缀:Prefix前缀:unhappyInfix中缀:absogoddamlutely(俚语slangs)Suffix后缀:happinessRoot&AffixFreeMorpheme自由词素Definition:canoccurbyitself,notattachedtoothermorphemesE.g.:girl,teach,book,class,the,of,etc.A.lexicalmorpheme(openclass)feature:haslexicalmeaning;newex
8、amplescanbefreelyaddede.g.:N,Verb,Adj,Adv(contentwords)B.functionalmorpheme(closedclass)feature:newexamplesarerarelyadded(butnotimpossibletoadd)e
