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1、ReviewQuestions1.HowareEnglishconsonantsclassified?2.HowareEnglishVowelsclassified?3.Phonetictranscription4.supresegmentlsChapter3MorphologyMorphologyMorph,verb;morphing,noun[U][V,VN]tochangesmoothlyfromoneimagetoanotherusingcomputerANIMATION;tomakeanimagechangeinthisway-ology(BrEalso-logy)
2、combiningform(innouns),asubjectofstudy:sociology;genealogyacharacteristicofspeechorwriting:phraseology;trilogy-ological,-logical(also-ologic,-logic)(inadjectives):pathological-ologist,-logist(innouns):biologistChapter3Morphology3.1Whatisaword?3.2TheformationofWord3.3LexicalChange4TERMSLexem
3、eMorphemeAllomorphWord(1)Whatisalexeme(义素)?thesmallestunitinthemeaningsystemofalanguagethatcanbedistinguishedfromothersimilarunits.anabstractunit.canoccurinmanydifferentformsinactualspokenorwrittensentences,andisregardedasthesamelexemeevenwheninflected.E.g.theword“write”isthelexemeof“write,
4、writes,wrote,writingandwritten.”(2)Whatisamorpheme?thesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontentaunitthatcannotbedividedintofurthersmallerunitswithoutdestroyingordrasticallyalteringthemeaning,whetheritislexicalorgrammatical.E.g.boxes=box+esneitherof“box”or“es”per
5、mitsfurtherdivisionoranalysisshapesifwedon’twanttosacrificeitsmeaning.morphemeThemostbasicelementofmeaningistraditionallycalledmorpheme.Thesmallestmeaningfulelementoflanguagethatcannotbereducedtosmallerelements.(Bussmann1996:313)(3)Whatisanallomorph?Anallomorphisthealternateshapesofthesamem
6、orpheme.E.g.thevariantsoftheplurality“-s”:map–maps,mouse–mice,ox–oxen,tooth–teeth,etc.(4)Whatisaword?Awordisthesmallestofthelinguisticunitsthatcanconstitute,byitself,acompleteutteranceinspeechorwriting.3.1WhatisWord?3.1.1ThreeSensesof“Word”3.1.2IdentificationofWords3.1.3ClassificationofWord
7、s3.1.1Threesensesof“word”1.Aphysicallydefinableunit:asetofsoundsegmentsorwirtinglettersbetweentwopausesorblanks2.Wordbothasageneraltermandasaspecificterm3.Agrammaticalunit,justlikemorphemeorclausecomplex3.1.2IdentificationofWords(1).stability(2).relative
