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1、Chapter5Morphology(形态学,词法学)InternalstructuresofwordsandrulesofwordformationcarefulwonderfulsuccessfulbeautifulwidendeepenshortenfastensharpenImpossible,incorrect,improper,illegal,report,importexporttransportsupportporterrespectinspectexpectsuspectprospectboysgirlstoysbookstablesbottlesworking,thin
2、kingspeaking,cutting,hittingthe,to,for,bird,leg,air,captain.suffixes,prefixes,roots,inflectionalsuffixes,freerootSemantically:root(词根)andaffixaffix(词缀):prefix(前缀),suffix(后缀);derivationalaffixes(派生词缀)andinflectionalaffixes(屈折词缀)Structurally:freemorphemes(自由词素,即自由词根)andboundmorphemes(粘着词素)5.1whatism
3、orphologyMorphologystudiestheinternalstructures(内部结构)ofwordsandwordformationrules.Itdividedintotwofields:inflectionalmorphology(屈折词法)andderivational/lexicalmorphology(派生词法).Itstudiesthedifferentcategoriesofmorphemes(bound,free,derivationalandinflectional)morphologicalrules5.2morpheme(词素,语素)Morphem
4、eisaminimalmeaningfulgrammaticalunitinalanguage.1minimal:smallest,itcannotfurtherbedivided.{un},{bird}butnotblackboard=black+boarddisagree=dis+agree2meaningful:cannotbefurtherdividedwithoutdestroyingitsmeaningcap+tain,man+age==manage3,grammatical:notonlylexicalmorphemeslike{bird,leg,table},butalso
5、grammaticalones,like{to,for,-s,ed,-er,theaan}international=inter+nation+altourists=tour+ist+sdisagreements=dis+agree+ment+sClassificationofmorphemesFreemorphemes:thosethatcanexistasindividualwords:the,toforcapshoeLexicalmorphemes:nouns,adjectives,verbs,adverbs.Openclass,largepartofvocabulary实词Func
6、tionalmorphemes:prepositions,conjunctions,articles,pronouns.Closedclass.虚词Boundmorphemes(粘着词素):thosethatcannotoccuraloneasseparatewords.-ful,-less,re-de,tele-vis-ion,un-happyRoots(词根),themostimportantpartofawordthatcarriestheprincipalmeaning:receive,conceive,deceive,Respect,expect,suspect,diction,
7、contradictionbirdleghandAffixes(词缀):thosethatlexicallydependonrootsanddonotconveythefundamentalmeaningofwords.Interralation:allfreemorphemes(likebird)arerootsbutnotallrootsarefreemorphemes.(likespect).Allaffixesa
