资源描述：
《语言学Morphology课间自学演讲》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Morphology1ThedefinitionofmorphologyMorphologyisthebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwords,andoftherulesbywhichwordsareformed.Morphologyisgenerallydividedintotwofields:thestudyofInflectionsandofWord-formation.2InflectionInflectionisthemanifestationofgrammaticalrelationshipsthroughthea
2、dditionofinflectionalaffixes,suchasnumber,person,finiteness,aspectandcase,whichdonotchangethegrammaticalclassofthestemstowhichtheyareattached.Ex.number:table/tablesapple/applescar/cars2Inflection(b)person,finitenessandaspect:talk/talks/talking/talkedopen/opens/opening/openedshout/shouts/shouting/sho
3、uted(c)case:boy/boy’sJohn/John’suniversity/university’sEachsetintheaboveexamplesconstitutesasingleparadigm,thatis,asetofgrammaticallyconditionedformsallderivedfromasinglerootorstem.3Word-formationWord-formation,initsrestrictedsense,referstotheprocessesofwordvariationssignallinglexicalrelationships.I
4、tcanbefurthersubclassifiedintothecompositionaltype(compound)andthederivational(derivation).3.1CompoundThetermCompoundcoversawiderangeofdifferentrelationsbetweenlexicalwords.Forinstance,3Word-formationEx.Nouncompoundsday+breakdaybreak(N+V)play+boyplayboy(V+N)hair+cuthaircut(N+V)call+girlcallgirl(V+N)
5、wind+millwindmill(N+N)3Word-formation(b)Verbcompoundsbrain+washbrainwash(N+V)lip+readlipread(N+V)baby+sitbabysit(N+V)(c)Adjectivecompoundsman+eatingmaneating(N+Ving)heart+feltheartfelt(N+Ved)duty+freedutyfree(N+Adj)3Word-formation(d)Prepositioncompoundsin+tointothrough+outthroughoutSomefeaturesofthe
6、EnglishcompoundsOrthographically,acompoundcanbewrittenasoneword,twoseparatewordswithorwithoutahypheninbetween.Syntactically,thepartofspeechofacompoundisdeterminedbythelastelement.Semantically,themeaningofacompoundisidiomatic,notcalculablefromthemeaningsofallitscomponents.Phonetically,thewordstressof
7、acompoundusuallyfallsonthefirstelement.3Word-formation3.2DerivationDifferentfromcompounds,derivationshowstherelationbetweenstemsandaffixes.Forinstance,un+consciousunconsciousnation+alnationalnational+
