资源描述：
《欧洲文化入门总复习题.doc》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。
欧洲文化入门复习题（2、3章）一：选择（51’）1:Hebrew---Israelite---JewJew---Jewish---JudaismJudaism---Christianity2:Pentateuch(摩西五经)：Genesis(创世纪)、Exodus(出埃及记)、Leviticus(利未记)、Numbers(民数计)、Deuteronomy(申命记)3：Thefallofman:AdamandEve、theGardenofEden4:Noah’sArk5:Moses(afamousHebrewleader)、Exodus、40years、themountainousSinai、TenCommandments6:WhileinBabyloninthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formedsynagogues(大会堂)topractisetheirreligion.7:如今有多少犹太人？15million8:Jesus出生地：那瑟勒死亡地：耶路撒冷郊外髑髅地·各各地Baptism:30years、Johnbaptist9:Diocletiandestroyed、ConstantineandtheEdictofMilanin133、Theodosiusofficial10:thenewtestament(新约)：thebirth、teaching、death（TheCrucifixion耶稣被钉十字架）、resurrectionofJesus11：现代英语两大宝库：theEnglishBibleandShakespeare12:228years13:theCodeofChivalry：toprotecttheweek,tofightforchurch,tobeloyaltohislord,torespectwomenofnoblebirth.14:halfcivilizedGermanictribes:Visigoths,theFranks,theAngleandSaxons,theVandals15:Feudalism(封建主义)theManor(庄园)serfs(农奴)CharlesMartelin732.16:After1054,theRomanCatholicchurchandEasternOrthodoxchurch17:threegroupsinfeudalism:clergy(牧师最高)lordspeasants(农民最低)18：thecrusades(十字军)8times200yearsBy1291,themoslemshadtakenoverthelastChristainstronghold.19:EmperoroftheRomans(神圣罗马皇帝):Charlemagne(查理曼大帝)20:AlfredtheGreat(Anglo-Saxdon)contributedtomedievalEuropeanculture21:realscientificprogressbeganinthe12thand13thcenturies.Rogerbacon(amonk)isanadvocateofscientificresearch.Opusmaius,andencyclopedia（自然哲学总则）22:NationalEpics:Beowulf(Anglo-saxon/英国)SongofRoland(French/法国)荷马史诗代表作Iliad(伊利亚特）和Odysse（奥德赛）GeoffreyChaucer(杰弗里乔叟)andtheCanterburytales(坎特伯雷故事)23：Romanesque(罗马建筑)Gothic(哥特式建筑)：stainedglasswindowsaretheHolyScriptures24:哲学三杰（苏格拉底，柏拉图，亚里士多德）顺序不能打乱二：简答（6道） 1:TwoMajorElementsinEuropeanCultureEuropeancultureismadeupofmanyelements,whichhavegonethroughchangesoverthecenturies.Twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyare:theGreco-Romanelement,andtheJudeo-Christianelement.However,therehasbeenacomplexinterplaybetweenthetwo,whichaddstotherichnessoftheculture.2:WhyshouldChinesestudentsofEnglishbotheraboutEuropeanculture?Well,EnglishcultureisapartofEuropeancultureandlanguagecannotbelearnedwithoutsomeknowledgeofthecultureBehindit.Further,Europeancultureitselfisapartofworldculture.Someknowledgeofitisnecessarytousascitizensoftheworld,particularlywhenourcountryisgoingaheadwithmodernizationandtakinganactivepartinworldaffairs.3：TenCommandments(摩西十诫)1）Youshallhavenoothergodsbeforeme.除了我以外，你不可有别的神。2）Youshallnotmakeforyourselfanidol.不可为自己雕刻偶像。4）Observethesabbathdayandkeepitholy.守安息日为圣日。5）Honoryourfatherandmother.孝敬父母。6）Youshallnotmurder.不可杀人。7）Neithershallyoucommitadultery.不可奸淫。8）Neithershallyousteal.不可偷盗。9.）Neithershallyoubearfalsewitnessagainstyourneighbor.不可作假见证陷害人。4:为什么基督教是西方最大的宗教？Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship,ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.Everyphaseofman’slifeistouchedbythisreligion,somuchsothatithasbecomepartandparcelofWesternculture.5:WhyareJudaismandChristianitycloselyrelated?Infact,itwastheJewishtraditionwhichgavebirthtoChristianity.BothoriginatedinPalestine--thehubofmigrationandtraderoutes,whichledtoexchangeofideasoverwideareas.6:为什么叫中世纪？ 7:为什么叫darkages?8:为什么叫theageoffaith?9:whycouldthe“ChristianChurch”becometheonlycentralofpower.10:theCodeofChivalry(骑士公约)：toprotecttheweek,tofightforchurch,tobeloyaltohislord,torespectwomenofnoblebirth.三：论述（5道）1:WhatwastheHebrew’smajorcontributiontoworldcivilization?About1300B.C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanatthattime,andformedsmallkingdoms.Theirhistorywashandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolktalesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament,whichstilllatebecamethefirstpartofthechristianBible.ThoughaminortribeinancientMiddleEastwithasmallpopulation,theHebrewsmadeoneofthegreatestcontributiontothewordcivilization.2:WhydowesaytheBiblehasshapedWesternculturemoredecisivelythananythingelseeverwritten?TheBibleisthemostpopularbookinthecultureofmankind.Itistheessentialofwesterncivilization,havingshapedthewesterncivilizationmoredecisivelythananythingelseeverwritten.3:WhathappenedinWesternEuropeafterthedeclineoftheRomanEmpire?(1)In476A.D.aGermanicgeneralkilledthelastRomanemperorandtookcontrolofthegovernment.AgreatmanyGermanickingdomsbegantogrowintothenationsknownasEngland,France,Spain,Italy,andGermany.(2)Betweenthe5thto11thcenturies,WesternEuropewasthesceneoffrequentwarsandinvasions.Thepoliticalunityhadgivenwaytowidespreaddestructionandconfusion.Hungeranddiseasekilledmanylives;townsandvillagesfellintoruinandgreatareasoflandlay waste.(3)Duringthemedievaltimestherewasnocentralgovernmenttokeeptheorder.TheonlyorganizationthatseemedtouniteEuropewastheChristianchurch.InthelateMiddleAges,Christianitytooktheleadinpolitics,law,art,andlearningforhundredsofyear.4:WhatmadeItalythebirthplaceoftheRenaissance?(1)RenaissancestartedinFlorenceandVenicewiththefloweringofpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture.FormItalythemovementwenttoembracetherestofEurope.(2)Becauseofitsgeographicalposition,foreigntradedevelopedearlyinItalyintocontactwithotherculturesandgaverisetourbaneconomyandhelpedItalytoaccumulatewealthwhichwasanessentialfactorforthefloweringofartandliterature.(3)Fortwocenturiesbeginningfromthelate15thcentury,Florencewasthegoldencitywhichgavebirthtoawholegenerationofpoet,scholars,artistsandsculptors.TherewasinFlorencearevivalofinterestinclassicallearningandrisingofhumanistideas.5:WhatisthesignificanceoftheReformationinEuropeancivilization?ThesignificanceoftheReformationinEuropeancivilizationisprofound.(1)BeforeReformation.ItwasundertheabsoluteruleoftheRomanCatholicChurchandtheHolyRomanEmpire.Economically,peasantsalloverEuropehadtopayagoodamountoftheirgainstothePope.TheReformationbroughtchangestoallthese.(2)Ineducationalandculturalmatters,themonopolyoftheChurchwasbroken.(3)Inreligion,ProtestantismbroughtintodifferentformsofChristianitytochallengetheabsoluteruleoftheRomanCatholicChurch.(4)Inlanguage,thedominantpositionofLatinhadtogivewaytothenationallanguagesasaruleofvarioustranslationsoftheBibleintothevernacular.(5)Inspirit,absoluteobediencebecameout-modedandthespiritofquest,debate,wasusheredoftheRomanCatholicChurchandEuropewastotakeanewcourseofdevelopment,ascientificrevolutionwastobeunderwayand,capitalismwastosetinwithitsdynamiceconomicprinciples.6:WhatisthemeritwhichCharlemagneandAlfredtheGreatshare?(1)Charlemagnewascrowned“EmperoroftheRomans”bythePopein800,andAlfredtheGreatwastheruleroftheAnglo-SaxonkingdomofWessex.BothofthemcontributiongreatlytothemedievalEuropeanculture.(2)CharlemagneandAlfredtheGreatallencouragelearning.Forexample,Charlemagnesetupmonasteryschools,gavesupporttoscholarsandsetscribestoworkcopyingvariousancientbooks.AlfredworriedaboutthedisappearanceandmadeWessextheAnglo-Saxonculturalcentrebyintroducingteachersandschools, foundingnewmonasteries,andpromotingtranslationsintothevernacularfromLatinworks.
