英语语言学期末复习题.doc

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1、.word可编辑.Chapter5Semantics1.Definition1.命名论ThenamingtheoryProposedbytheancientGreekscholarPlato.Accordingtothistheory,thelinguisticformsorsymbols,inotherwords,thewordsusedinalanguagearetakentobelabelsoftheobjectstheystandfor,sowordsarejustnamesorlabelsforthings.(缺点：仅限于名词)2.意念论TheconceptualistviewOgd

2、enandRichardsItholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto;rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyarelinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.3.语境论ConceptualismIt’sbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.Herearetwokindsofcontext

3、:thesituationalandthelinguisticcontext.4.行为主义论BehaviorismItreferstotheattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinwhichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.Thistheorysomewhatclosetoconceptualismemphasizesonthepsychologicalresponse.2.Lexicalmeaning:.专业.专注..word可编辑.Sen

4、se:itisconcernedwithinherentmeaningoflinguisticform;itisthecollectionofallfeaturesoflinguisticform;itisabstractandde-contextualized.Reference:itmeansthelinguisticformreferstothereal,physicalworld.Itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.3.Mainsensere

5、lations1.同义词SynonymyItreferstothesamenessorclosesimilarityofmeaningorwecansaythatwordsarecloseinmeaningarecalledsynonyms.(1)Dialectalsynonyms—synonymsusedindifferentregionaldialects（方言）BritishAmericaautumnfallflatapartment(2)Stylisticsynonyms---Synonymsdifferinginstyle（文体）Oldmandaddyfathermaleparent

6、(3)Synonymsthatdifferentintheiremotiveorevaluativemeaning（情感）CollaboratorVSAccomplice(4)Collocationalsynonyms（搭配）AccuseVSCharge（accuse…of;charge…with）RottentomatoesVSAddledeggs.专业.专注..word可编辑.(5)Semanticallydifferentsynonyms（语义）AmazeVSAstound2.多义词PolysemyItreferstodifferentwordsmayhavethesameorsimil

7、armeaning;thesameonewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Ball:1.anroundobjectusedingame.2.alargeformalsocialeventatwhichpeopledance.3.同音(形)异义HomonymyItreferstothephenomenonthatwordshavedifferentmeaningshavet