英语语言学导论复习题.doc

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1、语言学导论复习一．名词解释1.Broadtranscription(宽式音标):Broadtranscriptionisthetranscriptionwithletter-symbolsonly.Thisisthetranscriptionnormallyusedindictionariesandteachingtextbooksforgeneralpurposes.2.Componential[.kɔmpə'nenʃəl]analysis（成分分析）:Componentialanalysisisawayproposedbythestructuralsemanticists[sə'mæ

2、ntəsist]toanalyzewordmeaning.Theapproachisbasedonthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponents,calledsemanticfeatures.3.Interlanguage（中介语；过渡语）：ProposedbyS.PitCorderandLarrySelinker,theconceptofinterlanguagewasestablishedaslearners’independentsystemofthesecondlanguagewhichisofn

3、eitherthenativelanguagenorthesecondlanguage,butacontinuum[kən'tinjuəm]orapproximation[ə.prɔksi'meiʃən]n.接近，近似fromhisnativelanguagetothetargetlanguage.4.Competence&performance(语言能力和语言行为)：Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,andperformancetheactualrealizationofth

4、isknowledgeinlinguisticcommunication.5.Context（语境）:Thenotionofcontextisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.Itisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer,suchasculturalbackground,situation,therelationshipbetweenthespeakerandthehearer,etc.6.LanguageAcquisition(

5、语言习得)：Languageacquisitionreferstothechild’sacquisitionofhismothertongue,i.e.howthechildcomestounderstandandspeakthelanguageofhiscommunity.7.Sapir-WhorfHypothesis[hai'pɔθisis]（萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说）:SapirandWhorf,proclaimedthatthestructureofthelanguagepeoplehabituallyuseinfluencesthewaystheythinkandbehave.Sap

6、irandWhorfbelievethatlanguagefilters过滤people’sperception感官，观念andthewaytheycategorize分类experiences.Thisinterdependence互相依赖oflanguageandthoughtisnowknownasSapir-WhorfHypothesis.8.LanguageAcquisitionDevice(语言习得机制)：ThelinguistNoamChomskyclaimsthathumanbeingsarebiologically[baiə'lɔdʒikli]生物学地programme

7、dforlanguageandthatthelanguagedevelopsinthechildjustasotherbiologicalfunctionssuchaswalking.OriginallyChomskyreferredtothisinnate天生的abilityasLanguageAcquisitionDevice,(alsoknownasLAD).二．论述题1.Whatarethemajorviewsconcern