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1、SECTION1READINGTESTDirections:Inthissectionyouwillreadseveralpassages.Eachoneisfollowedbyseveralquestionsaboutit.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,A・B・C・orD・toeachquestion・Valentine1sDayistomorrow,andweareallthinkingabouttrueloveandheart-shapedchocolatecandy.Well,
2、maybenotallofus.Someofus,actually,areconsideringthequantifiableaspectsofdivorce.InAmericatoday,some50percentofmarriagesarepredictedtoendindivorce.AndattheUniversityofWashingtoninSeattletheysaytheycantellyouexactly—well,almostexactly—whichonesthosewillbe.Apsy
3、chologist,amathematician,andapathologisthavedevisedwhattheycallaprovenmathematicalformulafordetectingwhichrelationshipswillgosour—therebyholdingouthopethatsuchcouplescanovercometheirproblems,andavoiddivorce•HWehavebeenabletopredictthatdivorcewillhappenbefore
4、[itdoes].That!soldnewsz11saysJohnGottman,emeritusprofessorofpsychology.11Butwhatwehavenowisascientificmodelforunderstandingwhywecanpredictitwithsuchaccuracy.nTheworkmarksthefirsttimeamathematicmodelisbeingusedtounderstandsuchdeeppersonalhumaninteractionszadd
5、sJamesMurray,professorofappliedmathematics.HItistotallyobjective.Andourpredictionofwhichcoupleswoulddivorcewithinafour-yearperiodwas94percentaccurate.11Thisishowitworks・Couplesfaceeachotheranddiscuss—eachspeakinginturn—asubjectoverwhichtheyhavedisagreedmoret
6、hanonceinthepast.Theyarewiredtodetectvariousphysiologicaldata,suchaspulserates,andthey1realsovideotaped.Asessionlastsamere15minutes.Theresearchteamwatchesandanalyzesthetapesanddata,awardingplusorminuspointsdependingonthetypeofinteractionsandaccordingtoastand
7、ardscoringsystem.Everythingisthentranslatedintoequationsandplottedonagraph,whichtheresearchershavedubbedthe11Dow-JonesIndustrialAverageformaritalconversation11•Oncethisisdone,differentsituationsaresimulatedandanalyzedfromtheequationsandgraphszandpredictionsa
8、remade・Overthepast16yearsmorethan700couples(atdifferentstagesoftheirmarriages)tookpartintheresearch•Butlet'sgobackamoment•Itallstarts,say,withachataboutmothers-in-law—apparentlyoneofthehottopics
