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1、Enlightenment:theSpiritofLawsWeallknowthatEnlightenmentwasamovementlaunchedbyagroupofprogressiveintellectualsinthe18thcenturytofightagainstclassinequality,stagnation,prejudiceandothersurvivalsoffeudalism.BeginninginFrance,itrapidlyspreadthroughouttheEuropean
2、world,anditsideascontinuetobeinfluentialinmoderntimes.Amongthoseideas,I’mprofoundlyimpressedbythespiritoflaws,whichwasputforwardbyMontesquieu,theinitiatorandtheculminantfigureofthedecentralizationtheoryintheWest.Montesquieu'sfamerestsaboveeverythingelseonhis
3、politicaltheoryoftheseparationofpowers.Hisprincipleofparityofthreepowers,whichisembodiedcompletelyanddevelopedcreativelyintheconstitutionoftheUnitedStates,makesAmericanGovernmentthemostdemocraticandliberalgovernmentintheruleoflaw.Andhisthoughtofpowerbalancei
4、stheoriginofSunYat-sen'sfive-powerconstitution.Mostofall,hisideasmakepeoplehaveamuchstrongersenseoflaw.Eacherafindsitsown“law”.InmedievalEurope,peoplebelieveinthepope,thedivineagentofGod;InancientChina,emperorshadboundlesspower,everythingtheysaidbecomingaleg
5、albasis.Thekeypointisthatthose“laws”wereunfair,whichsafeguardedopenlytherulers'privilegeinordertomaintaintheorderamongsocialclassesandactuallytrampledonjustice.ButforMontesquieu,allthosewhohavepowerstendtoabusethemfortheirself-interest,soweneedtorestrictpowe
6、rwiththeright.Ithinkit’sactuallythebeginningof“allareequalbeforethelaw”,whichistakenforgrantednowadays.Sincethen,weseeageneralimprovementofcitizens’legalconsciousness.Whiletheprivilegedclassstubbornlymaintaineditsposition,theFrenchRevolutioneffectedgreatchan
7、gesinthelaw,encompassingthefalloftheHouseofBourbon;TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmadeinAmericain1776,claimingthatallmenarecreatedequalandweareendowedwithinalienablerights;SunYat-senledtheRevolutionof1911toremovethemillenniaoldautocraticmonarchyinChina……Bige
8、ventsliketheseconstitutethemodernhistoryoftheworld.Asfortheinfluenceindailylife,almosteveryonesupporttheideaofisonomyintheunconscious.Weadmitthatallcitizenshavetheresponsibilitytoobeythelawsandt
