part ii the period of enlightenment

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1、PartIIThePeriodofEnlightenmentI.TheEnlightenment(movement)(P29)II.Generalfeaturesofthe18thcenturyliterature(P30-32)III.Literaryfigures1.JonathanEdwards2.BenjaminFranklin3.ThomasPaine4.JohndeCrevecoeur5.PhilipFreneauI.TheEnlightenment(movement)(P29)1.Definition2.TheEighteenthcenturyAmericanthinking

2、:deism(自然神)andPuritanism3.ThehistoricaldevelopmentofNorthAmericaI.TheEnlightenment(movement)(P29)1.Definitiona.themovementofintellectualliberation;inWesternEurope;fromthelate17thcenturytothelate18thcentury(oftencalledtheAgeofReason),especiallyinFrance.b.Theforerunnersinscienceandphilosophy:Bacon,De

3、cartes,NewtonandLockeanditculminatedwiththewritingsofJean-JacquesRousseauandthephilosophyofImmanuelKant,andthepoliticalidealsoftheAmericanandFrenchRevolutions.FranklinandThomasPaineareregardedastherepresentativeEnlightenersinNorthAmerica.FrancisBacon(1561-1626)HeisthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphil

4、osophy（唯物主义哲学）“Essays”《随笔集》---“Knowledgeispower”RenéDescartes(1596-1650)Frenchphilosopher;mathematicianandphysicist;OneofthefoundersofmodernWesternphilosophy;Fatherofanalyticgeometry(解析几何)“我思故我在”(Cogitoergosum)IsaacNewton(1643―1727)Englishscientist;ThreeLawsofMotionTheUniversalLawofGravitationHe(in

5、parallelwithLiebnitz)inventedthemathematicaldisciplineofcalculus(微积分)JohnLocke（1632-1704）Englishphilosopher;ThefounderofEmpiricism(经验主义)ThefounderofmodernEmpiricism(thehumanmindbeginsasatabularasa（白板说）,andwelearnthroughexperience)SomeThoughtsConcerningEducation(1693).《教育漫话》Jean-JacquesRousseau（1712

6、-1718）1.TheConfessions《忏悔录》2.Èmile《爱弥儿》3.Discourssurl'origineetlesfondementsdel'inégalité《论人类的起源和不平等》4.TheSocialContract《社会契约论》ImmanuelKant(1724-1804)oneofthemostinfluentialphilosophersinthehistoryofWesternphilosophyoneofhismostimportantworks,TheCritiqueofPureReasonEmpiricismRationalismhttp://www.i

7、ep.utm.edu/k/kantmeta.htmPartIIThePeriodofEnlightenmentc.Itscentralidea:needandthecapacityofhumanreasontoclearawayancientsuperstition,prejudice,dogmaandinjustice.Enlightenmentthinkingencouragedrationalscie