The Enlightenment

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1、1Bigsocialeventsinthe17thcentury164２-1649:theCivilWar(英国内战）；1649:KingCharlesIwasexecuted(处决查尔斯一世）&theCommonwealthestablished(共和国成立）；1649-1658:OliverCromwellledthecountryastheProtector(克伦威尔当上护国公）；1658:Cromwelldied;1660:KingCharlesIIrestoredmonarchy(恢复君主制）--theRestoration(Per

2、iod)(王政复辟＜时期＞）2基督教发展简表EasternOrthodoxChurch(东正教）separatedin1054(第一次大分裂）ChristianityRomanCatholicChurch(天主教）ReligiousReformstartedin1517(宗教改革运动：马丁·路德）(第二次大分裂）Lutheranism路德派AnglicanChurch英国国教/圣公会Protestantism(新教/抗议宗）Puritanism清教Othersects其他支派3CharlesI&theCivilWar(1642-1649)4英

3、国资产阶级革命TheEnglishBourgeoisRevolution5护国公克伦威尔—“未戴王冠的英国国王”LordProtectorOliverCromwell6英王查尔斯一世被处决(1649)KingCharlesIwasbeheaded7KingCharlesIIwhorestoredmonarchy复辟王查尔斯二世(1660-1685在位)8JohnMilton（1608-1674）约翰·密尔顿9EnglishRevolutionandMiltonarevolutionwithareligiousbannerPoliticsand

4、religioncouldnotbeseparated:theAnglicanRoyalistsvs.thePuritanRepublicansheadedbyCharlesIheadedbyCromwell(内战所演变成的革命是以国王为首的信奉英国国教的保皇党人与以克伦威尔为领袖的信奉清教的共和党人之间的冲突)外交部的拉丁文秘书双目失明失乐园（史诗）、复乐园（史诗）、力士参孙（诗剧）10晚年密尔顿与女儿们:口述《失乐园》11晚年密尔顿与女儿们:口述《失乐园》JohnDonne(1571-1631)Hewasapoet,preacherand

5、amajorrepresentativeofthemetaphysicalpoetsoftheperiod.Hisworksarenotablefortheirrealisticandsensualstyle.Hispoetryisnotedforitsvibrancyoflanguageandinventivenessofmetaphor.(GeorgeHerbert;AndrewMarvell)JohnDryden(1631-1700)HewasaninfluentialEnglishpoet,literarycritic,transla

6、tor,andplaywrightwhodominatedtheliterarylifeofRestorationEnglandtosuchapointthattheperiodcametobeknowninliterarycirclesastheAgeofDryden.JohnBunyan(1628-1688)HewasanEnglishChristianwriterandpreacher,famousforwritingPilgrim’sProgress.TheEnlightenmentandItsEffectuponEnglishLit

7、eratureofthe18thcenturyI.BriefIntroductionbeganinthe18thcenturyGiants:Montesquieu(孟德斯鸠),Diderot(狄德罗),Voltaire(伏尔泰)Rousseau(卢梭features:1)anexpressionofstruggleofthebourgeoisieagainstfeudalism.2)Theenlightenersattemptedtoconnectallbranchesofsciencewiththeactualneedsandrequire

8、mentinpeople’slifeandwork.II.TheEnlightenmentinEnglandEnglishEnlightenersstruggled