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1、现代食品科技ModernFoodScienceandTechnology2015,Vol.31,No.5桃醋液态发酵过程中主要成分及有机酸的变化向进乐,杜琳,刘志静,李鑫玲,罗磊,朱文学(河南科技大学食品与生物工程学院,河南洛阳471023)摘要:以成熟桃为原料,采用液态发酵法酿造原浆桃醋,对“两步法”酿造桃醋过程中主要成分的动态变化进行分析。桃打浆后接种0.05%的果酒酵母带皮渣酒精发酵,在20℃恒温发酵80h,发酵液酒度为6.07%。醋酸发酵使用自吸式液态深层发酵罐,接种10%活化的醋酸菌菌种,发酵温度3
2、4℃,经60h醋酸发酵,桃醋酸度为3.54%。桃醋发酵液中检出9种有机酸,包括草酸、甲酸、苹果酸、α-酮戊二酸、乳酸、醋酸、柠檬酸、富马酸和琥珀酸,9种有机酸在酒精发酵和醋酸发酵阶段均发生显著变化,对发酵液的酸度和品质产生显著影响。酒精发酵阶段,乳酸大量积累;苹果酸、柠檬酸被消耗显著降低。醋酸发酵阶段酒精大量转化醋酸,醋酸含量显著上升;而其它大部分,如乳酸、苹果酸等有机酸显著降低。试验确定的发酵方法适用于桃醋生产。关键词:桃;液态发酵;果醋;有机酸文章篇号:1673-9078(2015)5-193-198DO
3、I:10.13982/j.mfst.1673-9078.2015.5.031ChangesinBiochemicalParametersandOrganicAcidContentduringLiquidFermentationofPeachVinegarXIANGJin-le,DULin,LIUZhi-jing,LIXin-ling,LUOLei,ZHUWen-xue(CollegeofFoodandBioengineering,HenanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Lu
4、oyang471023,China)Abstract:Pearvinegarwasproducedfromripepeachesbyliquid-statefermentationandchangesinbiochemicalparametersweremonitoredduringthe“two-step”fermentationprocess.“Skin-on”fermentationwascarriedoutafterpulpingandinoculationwith0.05%wineyeast.Fer
5、mentationlastedfor80hataconstanttemperatureof20℃,withanalcoholiccontentof6.07%(V/V).Aceticfermentationwascarriedoutinaself-priming,submergedfermentationtankafterinoculationwith10%aceticacidbacteria.Acetificationlastedfor60hat34℃withtitratableacidityof3.54%(
6、m/V).Nineorganicacidswerefoundinthepeachwinefermentationliquor,includingoxalicacid,formicacid,malicacid,α-ketoglutaricacid,lacticacid,aceticacid,citricacid,fumaricacid,andsuccinicacid.Theorganicacidcontentwasconstantlychangingduringfermentation,whichsignifi
7、cantlycontributedtotheacidityandqualityofthefermentationliquor.Duringalcoholicfermentation,lacticacidwasproducedandaccumulated,whiletheconcentrationofmalicacidandcitricaciddecreasedsignificantly.Aceticacidbacteriatransformedalcoholtoaceticacid,theconcentrat
8、ionofwhichincreasedsignificantly,whiletheconcentrationofthemajorityoftheremainingorganicacids,suchaslacticacidandmalicacid,decreasedduringacetification.Thus,the“two-step”fermentationmethodusedinthisstu