Chapter 5：Semantics

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1、Chapter5  SemanticsI.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.  2.Sen

2、seisconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience,whilethereferencedealswiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.    3.Linguisticformshavingthesamesensemayhavedifferentreferencesindifferentsituations.  4.Insemantics,meanin

3、goflanguageisconsideredastheintrinsicandinherentrelationtothephysicalworldofexperience.    5.Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.    6.Behaviouristsattemptedtodefinethemeaningofalanguageformasthesituationinw

4、hichthespeakeruttersitandtheresponseitcallsforthinthehearer.    7.Themeaningofasentenceisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofallitscomponents.    8.Mostlanguageshavesetsoflexicalitemssimilarinmeaningbutrankeddifferentlyaccordingtotheirdegreeofformality.    9.“itishot.”isano-place

5、predicationbecauseitcontainsnoargument.  10.Ingrammaticalanalysis,thesentenceistakentobethebasicunit,butinsemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitispredication,whichistheabstractionofthemeaningofasentence.  II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththel

6、ettergiven:11.S___________  canbedefinedasthestudyofmeaning.12.Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnod_________linkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto.13.R_________meanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physicalworld;itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguistic

7、elementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.14.Wordsthatarecloseinmeaningarecalleds__________.15.Whentwowordsareidenticalinsound,butdifferentinspellingandmeaning,theyarecalledh__________.16.R__________oppositesarepairsofwordsthatexhibitthereversalofarelationshipbetween

8、thetwoitems.17.C_______analysisisbaseduponthebeliefthatthemeaningofawordcanbedividedintomeaningcomponents.18.W