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1、Chapter5:MeaningDefinitionsofSemanticsSemanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaning.(Dai&He,2002,p.67)TermcoinedbyBréal(1897)forthesubdisciplineoflinguisticsconcernedwiththeanalysisanddescriptionoftheso-called‘literal’meaningoflinguisticexpressions.(Bussmann,1996,p.423)Semanticsisthestudyoflinguist
2、icmeaning:themeaningofwords,phrases,andsentences.(Wen,P.210)Semanticsisthestudyofmeaning,ormorespecifically,thestudyofthemeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentencesinparticular.Semanticsanswersthequestion“whatdoesthissentencemean”.Inotherwords,itistheanalysisofconventionalmeaningsinwordsandsentenceso
3、utofcontext.Thenwhatismeaning?Manyphilosophers,psychologists,andsociologistsallclaimadeepinterestinthestudyofmeaning.Thephilosophersareinterestedinunderstandingtherelationsbetweenlinguisticexpressionsandwhattheyrefertointherealworld,andevaluatingthetruthvalueoflinguisticexpressions.Thepsychologistsf
4、ocustheirinterestonunderstandingtheworkingsofthehumanmindthroughlanguage.Nowwewillstudythemeaningsofmeaningfromalinguisticpointofview.5.1Meaningsof‘Meaning’ScholarslikeFerdinanddeSaussurehavestressedthatthestudyoflinguisticmeaningispartofthegeneralstudyoftheuseofsignsystems,andthisgeneralstudyiscall
5、edsemiotics.Semioticiansinvestigatethetypesofrelationshipthatmayholdbetweenasignandtheobjectitrepresents,orindeSaussure’sterminology,betweenasignifier(theformwhichthesigntakes)anditssignified(theconceptitrepresent).Onebasicdistinction,duetoC.S.Peirce,isbetweenicon图标,index标记andsymbol符号.Icon-Aniconisw
6、herethereisasimilaritybetweenasignandwhatitrepresents,i.e.betweenaportraitanditsreal-lifeobjectoradiagramofanengineandtherealengine.Anindexiswherethesigniscloselyassociatedwithitssignified,ofteninacausalrelationship;thussmokeisanindexoffire.ThemajorityoftrafficsignsareIndexsignsastheyrepresentinform
7、ationwhichrelatestoalocation(eg,a'slipperyroadsurface'signplacedonaroadwhichispronetoflooding)Asymbolhasnologicalmeaningbetweenitandtheobject.Thereisonlyaconventionallinkbetweenthesignanditssignified,
