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1、北京外国语大学2014年硕士研究生入学考试试题招生专业：英语同声传译科目名称： 英汉互译 （考试时间3小时，满分150分，全部写在答题纸上，答在试题页上无效）一、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Inthepre-modernera,political,economic,andsociallifewasgovernedbyadensewebofinterlockingrelationshipsinheritedfromthepastandsanctifiedbyreligion.Limitedpersonalfreedomandmaterialbenefits
2、existedalongsideamostlyunquestionedsocialsolidarity.Traditionallocalordersbegantoerodewiththeriseofcapitalismintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,astheincreasingprevalenceanddominanceofmarketrelationshipsbrokedownexistinghierarchies.Theshiftproducedeconomicandsocialdynamism,anin
3、creaseinmaterialbenefitsandpersonalfreedoms,andadecreaseincommunalfeeling.Asthisprocesscontinued,thefirstmodernpoliticalideology,classicalliberalism,emergedtocelebrateandjustifyit.Liberalismstressedtheimportanceoftheruleoflaw,limitedgovernment,andfreecommercialtransactions.Ithigh
4、lightedthemanifoldrewardsofmovingtoaworlddominatedbymarketsratherthantraditionalcommunities,ashifttheeconomichistorianKarlPolanyiwouldcall“thegreattransformation.”Butalongwiththegainscamelossesaswell—ofasenseofplace,ofsocialandpsychologicalstability,oftraditionalbulwarksagainstli
5、fe’svicissitudes.Lefttoitself,capitalismproducedlong-termaggregatebenefitsalongwithgreatvolatilityandinequality.ThiscombinationresultedinwhatPolanyicalleda“doublemovement,”aprogressiveexpansionofbothmarketsocietyandreactionsagainstit.(211） 二、将下列短文译为汉语（50分）TheEuropeanUnionwasestab
6、lishedwithalegaltreatyandisfoundedontheprincipleoftheruleoflaw.Thisconceptcentersonasetofrulesgoverningallsociety'sprocessesandinteractionsandbeingaboveallsociety'sinstitutionsandorganizations.Therulesorlawssetthemoralandethicalstandardsbywhichthebehaviourofmembersofsocietyandorg
7、anizationsarejudged.Fortheruleoflawandtherebycivilsocietytoflourish,itrequiresthecitizensofacountrytorespectandtrustlegalprocesses,andthelawtobeappliedinaconsistentwaytoall.Thisgivespeopleafeelingofinclusivenessandoptimismabouttheirfuture.TheEuropeanUnion'sGovernanceforEquitableD
8、evelopment(GED)project,implementedbytheU
