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1、北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分) IndiaandChinaneedhelptogrow,nothectoring Everytimethereisaspikeinoilprices,orwhenfoodcostsmore,orthereisarenewedworryaboutcarbonandclimatechange,academics,pundits,andthepressimmediatelypointtothehigh-cons
2、umptionfutureofIndiaandChina. Theyarewrongtodosowhenweconsiderthecausesofenergyandfoodchallenges,and,moreimportantly,whenwethinkoftheactionsandpoliciesneededtomanagechangesincomingdecades.IfitisquestionablethatIndiaandChinaaretoblamefortheglobalenergycrunch,itisevenlessacceptabletoexpect
3、themtoadheretopleastomoderatetheirenergyconsumption. Historically,energyconsumptionhascorrelatedwitheconomicgrowth.Thepresentdebateoverenergyoftenfocusesontwodimensions:climatechange(fromgreenhousegases),andthescarcityoffossilfuels. Withgrowingpopulationsandeconomies,IndiaandChinawillce
4、rtainlyconsumeagrowingfractionofglobalresources,buttheyconsumeonly3percentand9percent,respectively,oftheworld'spetroleumtoday.Thegloballeader,theUS,consumesjustunderaquarter. Lookingatfutureoptions,whydoesitmatterifIndiaandChinaareorarenotsimilarintermsofenergyconsumptionandneeds?Globalt
5、reatiesaimtomodifyfutureconsumption,andmechanismsorformulaethatareconsideredfair(andlikelytoberatified)mustbecognizantofdifferences.Giventhedifferencesintheirsystems,needs,andincentives,aproposalmeanttoappealtobothmaynotappealtoeither.Withoutglobalparticipation,nosolutionislikelywork. Ch
6、inaalreadyhastheworld'ssecond-largestelectricitygrid,and,atcurrentratesofgrowth,itwillsoonbecomethelargestelectricityproducerintheworld.LikeIndia,mostofthisisbasedoncoal,theleast“green”oftheleadingfossilfuels. India'spresentinstalledelectricitycapacityisnotinthesameleague.Theresultisthat
7、,forthecomingdecade,itwillnotbeabletogrowatarateanywherenearthatofChina.Inabsolutenetgrowth,theUSwilladdmorethantwiceasmuchcapacitythanIndiain2007-08. China'sgrowthofenergyconsumptionhasbeenpositiveforitspopulation.Ithasnowprovidedelectricitytoanestimated98percento
