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1、北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分) IndiaandChinaneedhelptogrow,nothectoring Everytimethereisaspikeinoilprices,orwhenfoodcostsmore,orthereisarenewedworryaboutcarbonandclimatechange,academics,pundits,andthepressimmediatel
2、ypointtothehigh-consumptionfutureofIndiaandChina. Theyarewrongtodosowhenweconsiderthecausesofenergyandfoodchallenges,and,moreimportantly,whenwethinkoftheactionsandpoliciesneededtomanagechangesincomingdecades.IfitisquestionablethatIndiaandChinaaretoblamefortheglobalene
3、rgycrunch,itisevenlessacceptabletoexpectthemtoadheretopleastomoderatetheirenergyconsumption. Historically,energyconsumptionhascorrelatedwitheconomicgrowth.Thepresentdebateoverenergyoftenfocusesontwodimensions:climatechange(fromgreenhousegases),andthescarcityoffossilfu
4、els. Withgrowingpopulationsandeconomies,IndiaandChinawillcertainlyconsumeagrowingfractionofglobalresources,buttheyconsumeonly3percentand9percent,respectively,oftheworld'spetroleumtoday.Thegloballeader,theUS,consumesjustunderaquarter. Lookingatfutureoptions,whydoesitm
5、atterifIndiaandChinaareorarenotsimilarintermsofenergyconsumptionandneeds?Globaltreatiesaimtomodifyfutureconsumption,andmechanismsorformulaethatareconsideredfair(andlikelytoberatified)mustbecognizantofdifferences.Giventhedifferencesintheirsystems,needs,andincentives,apr
6、oposalmeanttoappealtobothmaynotappealtoeither.Withoutglobalparticipation,nosolutionislikelywork. Chinaalreadyhastheworld'ssecond-largestelectricitygrid,and,atcurrentratesofgrowth,itwillsoonbecomethelargestelectricityproducerintheworld.LikeIndia,mostofthisisbasedoncoal
7、,theleast“green”oftheleadingfossilfuels. India'spresentinstalledelectricitycapacityisnotinthesameleague.Theresultisthat,forthecomingdecade,itwillnotbeabletogrowatarateanywherenearthatofChina.Inabsolutenetgrowth,theUSwilladdmorethantwiceasmuchcapacitythanIndiain2007-08
8、. China'sgrowthofenergyconsumptionhasbeenpositiveforitspopulation.Ithasnowprovidedelectricitytoanestimated98percento
