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1、ChapterSix LanguageandCognition1.WhatisCognition?Mentalprocesses,informationprocessingMentalprocessorfacultyofknowing,includingawareness,perception,reasoning,andjudgment.2Theformalapproach:structuralpatterns,includingthestudyofmorphological,syntactic,andlexical
2、structure.Thepsychologicalapproach:languagefromtheviewofgeneralsystemsrangingfromperception,memory,attention,andreasoning.Theconceptualapproach:howlanguagestructures(processes&patterns)conceptualcontent.32.PsycholinguisticsPsychologicalaspectsoflanguage.Psychol
3、ogicalstatesandmentalactivitywiththeuseoflanguage.Languageacquisition,languageproduction&comprehension.4StructurallinguisticsCognitivepsychologyAnthropologyNeurosciencesRelatedfields5Languageacquisition(L1/L2)LanguagecomprehensionLanguageproductionLanguagedisor
4、dersLanguageandThoughtNeurocognitionSixsubjectsofresearch62.1LanguageAcquisitionHolophrasticstageLanguage’ssoundpatternsPhoneticdistinctionsinparents’language.One-wordstage:objects,actions,motions,routines.7Two-wordstage:around18mChildutteranceMaturespeakerPurp
5、oseWantcookieIwantacookieRequestMoremilkIwantsomemoremilkRequestJoeseeI(Joe)seeyouInformingMycupThisismycupWarningMommychairThischairbelongstoMWarningBigboyIamabigboyBraggingRedcarThatcarisredNamingThatcarThatisacarNaming8ChildutteranceMaturespeakerPurposeNosle
6、epIdon’twanttogotosleepRefusalNottiredIamnottiredRefusalWheredoll?Whereisthedoll?QuestionTrucktableThetruckisonthetableInformingDaddyrunDaddyisrunningInformingJoepushI(Joe)pushed(thecat)InformingPushcatIpushedthecarInformingGivecandyGivemethecandyRequest9Three-
7、word-utterancestageGivedoggiepaper.Puttruckwindow.Tractorgofloor.10FluentgrammaticalconversationstageEmbedoneconstituentinsideanother:Givedoggiepaper.Givebigdoggiepaper.Usemorefunctionwords:missingfunctionwordsandinflectioninthebeginningbutgooduse(90%)bytheage
8、of3,withafullrangeofsentencetypes.Allpartsofalllanguageareacquiredbeforethechildturnsfour.112.2LanguagecomprehensionMentallexicon:informationaboutthepropertiesofwords,retrie
