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1、CultureComparisonsinTranslationI.IntroductionTherearevariouserrorsintranslation.Thetechnicalcharactercausessomeofthemistranslation.Forexample,“亿”istranslatedinto“million”,“cow”ismistakenfor“crow”or“rational”as“national”,orthewholesentenceeventhewholeparagraphmaybeomitted.Someonec
2、allstheabovemistranslationas“HardWound”.Myessayisaimedtodiscussanothermistranslation,whichiscalledthemistranslationofculturalcharacter.Thismistranslationiscausedbythediversityofculture.Thepurposeandcharacteristicsoftranslationaretoexchangeideasandculture.Translationpromotesunders
3、tandingamongdifferentcountriesandnations.Intranslationtheprincipleof“seekingthecommongroundwhilereservingdifferences”1shouldbepracticed.Translationshouldreflectalienthingsinastrangelandthatareexpressedintheoriginal.II.CultureandmistranslationA.CulturerelatedtothesocialsystemCourt
4、esyexpressionsimmediatelyreflectthesocio-behavioralpatternsofaculture.Thenotionofcourtesyseemstobesomethinguniversal,butpeoplefromdifferentculturesmighthavedifferentideasastowhatarecourtesyexpressionsandwhatarenot.Traditionally,e.g.aChinesemaygreetafriendoracquaintancebyasking“Ha
5、veyouhadyourmeal?”or“Whereareyougoing?”Awesterneronthesameoccasionwould,however,saysomethinglike“Hello!”,“Goodmorning!”,“Niceday,isn’tit?”,etc.Whenmeetingafriendwhohasjustarrivedafteralongjourney,theChinesewouldusuallysay,“Youmusthavehadatiringjourney.”TheWesternerwouldaskinstead
6、,“Didyouhaveanicetrip?”or“Didyouenjoyyourtrip?”ThefactthatinChinese,manyconversationsstartwith“Howoldareyou?”“Areyoumarried?”“What’syourjob?”“Howmuchdoyouearn?”maydisconcertaWesternreader,andmanycausetemporaryculturalshock.B.CulturerelatedtothelinguisticsystemCulturemaysometimesb
7、etracedtothelinguistic,especiallysemanticstructuresofalanguage.Themosttypicalcaseisonewhereincomparablewordsindifferentlanguagesmaycarrystrikinglydifferentassociations.InChinese,forinstance,“vinegar”isoftenanothernameforjealousy,e.g.“吃醋”(“eatvinegar”—tobejealous).InEnglish,howeve
8、r,thewordisconnotativeofill-temperedspee
