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1、APerspectiveofcultureintotheTranslationofChineseandEnglishIdiomsChapter1Introduction1.1Thedefinitionofidiom:anidiomisanelementofalanguagethatpossessesauniquewayofexpressionbasedonitstime-honoreduse.(LiFuning,1979:4)Inotherwords,anidiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenasentence,withaspeci
2、almeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.Thatistosay,themeaningofanidiommustbeleantasawhole.Asimpledefinitionoftheidiomwouldbetheuseofcommonwordsinaspecialsense.“Tospillthebeans”,forinstance,isnotatallconnectedwithbeans;itmeans“totellsomethingthatissecret”.InEnglishIdiomsandHowtoUseThem,J.S
3、eidleetalpointoutthatidioms“arenotaseparatepartofthelanguagewhichonecanchooseeithertouseoromit,buttheyformanessentialpartofthegeneralvocabularyofthelanguage.”(Seidleetal,1978)Merriam-Webster’sCollegiateDictionary(EleventhEdition),publishedin2003,givesfourdefinitionsofthetermidiom.Thefirstsenseo
4、fthewordidiomis“thelanguagepeculiartoapeopleortoadistrict,community,orclass:DIALECT.”Thesecondsenseis“thesyntactical,grammatical,orstructuralformpeculiartoalanguage.”Thethirdsenseis“anexpressionintheusageofalanguagethatispeculiartoitselfeithergrammatically(asno,itwasn’tme)orhavingameaningthatca
5、nnotbederivedfromtheconjoinedmeaningsofitselements(asMondayweekfor“theMondayaweekafternextMonday”).”Thefourthsenseis“astyleorformofartisticexpressionthatischaracteristicofanindividual,aperiodofmovement,oramediumorinstrument;broadly:MANNER,STYLE.”(Lin&Liu,2
6、005)391.1.1DefinitionsofEnglishIdiomsAccordingtoWarren,theword“idiom”inEnglishisusedtodescribespecialphrasesthatareanessentialpartofalanguage.Thesephrasesneednotfollownormalgrammarrulesinthelanguageandcanhavebothidiomaticandlitermeaning.AnEnglishidiomisdefinedintheWebster’sNewWorldDictionaryoft
7、heAmericanLanguage,2ndcollegeedition,1972as“anacceptedphrase,construction,orexpressioniscontrarytotheusualpatternsofthelanguageorhavingameaningofdifferentfromliteral”.IntheCambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary,itsdefinitionis“agrou