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1、APerspectiveofcultureintotheTranslationofChineseandEnglishIdioms1.1Thedefinitionofidiom:anidiomisanelementofalanguagethatpossessesauniquewayofexpressionbasedonitstime-honoreduse.(LiFuning,1979:4)Inotherwords,anidiomisafixedgroupofwordsorasingleword,orevenas
2、entence,withaspecialmeaningthatcannotbeguessedfromitsstructure.Thatistosay,themeaningofanidiommustbeleantasawhole.Asimpledefinitionoftheidiomwouldbetheuseofcommonwordsinaspecialsense.“Tospillthebeans”,forinstance,isnotatallconnectedwithbeans;itmeans“totells
3、omethingthatissecret”.InEnglishIdiomsandHowtoUseThem,J.Seidleetalpointoutthatidioms“arenotaseparatepartofthelanguagewhichonecanchooseeithertouseoromit,buttheyformanessentialpartofthegeneralvocabularyofthelanguage.”(Seidleetal,1978)Merriam-Webster’sCollegiat
4、eDictionary(EleventhEdition),publishedin2003,givesfourdefinitionsofthetermidiom.Thefirstsenseofthewordidiomis“thelanguagepeculiartoapeopleortoadistrict,community,orclass:DIALECT.”Thesecondsenseis“thesyntactical,grammatical,orstructuralformpeculiartoalanguag
5、e.”Thethirdsenseis“anexpressionintheusageofalanguagethatispeculiartoitselfeithergrammatically(asno,itwasn’tme)orhavingameaningthatcannotbederivedfromtheconjoinedmeaningsofitselements(asMondayweekfor“theMondayaweekafternextMonday”).”Thefourthsenseis“astyleor
6、formofartisticexpressionthatischaracteristicofanindividual,aperiodofmovement,oramediumorinstrument;broadly:MANNER,STYLE.”(Lin&Liu,2005)391.1.1DefinitionsofEnglishIdiomsAccordingtoWarren,theword“idiom”inEnglishisusedtod
7、escribespecialphrasesthatareanessentialpartofalanguage.Thesephrasesneednotfollownormalgrammarrulesinthelanguageandcanhavebothidiomaticandlitermeaning.AnEnglishidiomisdefinedintheWebster’sNewWorldDictionaryoftheAmericanLanguage,2ndcollegeedition,1972as“anacc
8、eptedphrase,construction,orexpressioniscontrarytotheusualpatternsofthelanguageorhavingameaningofdifferentfromliteral”.IntheCambridgeAdvancedLearner’sDictionary,itsdefinitionis“agroupofwordsinafixedorde
