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1、BriefIntroductionoftheChineseTranslationHistoryChinesetranslationtheorywasbornoutofcontactwithvassalstatesduringtheZhouDynasty.ItdevelopedthroughtranslationsofBuddhistscriptureintoChinese.Itisaresponsetotheuniversalsoftheexperienceoftranslationandtothespecificsoftheex
2、perienceoftranslatingfromspecificsourcelanguagesintoChinese.ItalsodevelopedinthecontextofChineseliteraryandintellectualtradition.ThemodernStandardMandarinwordfanyi翻譯"translate;translation"compoundsfan"turnover;crossover;translate"andyi"translate;interpret".Somerelated
3、synonymsaretongyi通譯"interpret;translate",chuanyi傳譯"interpret;translate",andzhuanyi轉譯"translate;retranslate".TheChineseclassicscontainvariouswordsmeaning"interpreter;translator",forinstance,sheren舌人(lit."tongueperson")andfanshe反舌(lit."returntongue").TheClassicofRitesre
4、cordsfourregionalwords:ji寄"send;entrust;relyon"forDongyi東夷"EasternYi-barbarians",xiang象"belike;resemble;image"forNanman南蠻"SouthernMan-barbarians",didi狄鞮"Di-barbarianboots"forXirong西戎"WesternRong-barbarians",andyi譯"translate;interpret"forBeidi北狄"NorthernDi-barbarians".
5、Inthosefiveregions,thelanguagesofthepeoplewerenotmutuallyintelligible,andtheirlikingsanddesiresweredifferent.Tomakewhatwasintheirmindsapprehended,andtocommunicatetheirlikingsanddesires,(therewereofficers),—intheeast,calledtransmitters;inthesouth,representationists;int
6、hewest,Tî-tîs;andinthenorth,interpreters.(王制"TheRoyalRegulations",tr.JamesLegge1885vol.27,pp.229-230)AWesternHanworkattributesadialogueabouttranslationtoConfucius.Confuciusadvisesarulerwhowishestolearnforeignlanguagesnottobother.Confuciustellstherulertofocusongovernan
7、ceandletthetranslatorshandletranslation.Theearliestbitoftranslationtheorymaybethephrase"namesshouldfollowtheirbearers,whilethingsshouldfollowChina."Inotherwords,namesshouldbetransliterated,whilethingsshouldbetranslatedbymeaning.InthelateQingDynastyandtheRepublicanPeri
8、od,reformerssuchasLiangQichao,HuShiandZhouZuorenbeganlookingattranslationpracticeandtheoryofthegreattranslatorsinChinesehist
