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1、Emerson’sideaofself-relianceAbstractRalphWaldoEmerson(1803—1882)isanoutstandingthinker,writer,lecturerintheUnitedStatesduringthe19thcentury.HisTranscendentalistIndividualismwascalledthemostimportantmundanereligionandhewascalledtherepresentativeoftheAmericantranscendentalistmovement.Emerson’sInd
2、ividualismwasformedunderacertaineconomic,politicalandreligiousbackground.Thethoughtsaboutspirits,personalcharacters,andself-reliancehadmuchinfluencedthereligion,theculture,thesocietyofAmerica.Thecoreofhisthinkingis“self-reliance”or“independence”—thatisculturalnationalindependencefortheUnitedSta
3、tes,literarilyindividualindependenceforwritersandreligiousindependencefromthechurch.Asfarasliteratureisconcerned,inabroadsense,Emersonplaceshisemphasisonnationalismratherthancolonialism,advocatingtheAmericanliterature:typicalAmericancontentandAmericanstyle.Inanarrowsense,Emersonputshisstressont
4、heindividualinsteadofthegroup.Heassertsthatthereisagreatnessineverybodythatneedsonlytobesetfree,soeveryAmericanwritershouldtrusthimself,respecthimselfandwriteaccordingtohisownprinciplesandinhisownpeculiarway.Thisthesisisdividedintothreeparts.ChapteroneistalkingaboutthegeneralintroductionofEmers
5、on.ChaptertwoexplainsthemainideaofEmerson.ChapterivthreeexplainsEmerson’sfourstepsofSelf-Reliance:stepone,todisengageoneselffromtheinfluenceofothers’opinions;steptwo,totrustinstinctmoreandreasonedjudgmentless;stepthree,toactivatesomekindofselectingprinciplewithinthenewlyliberatedperson;andstepf
6、our,self-reliantaction.Emerson’sideaofself-reliance,leadstothefinalformationofnationalliteratureofAmerica.TheprofoundinfluenceofitcouldbefoundinthethemesandformsemployedbythesucceedingAmericanwriterssuchasWaltWhitman,HermanMelville,RalphElisionandsoon.Keywords:RalphWaldoEmerson,transcendentalis
7、m,self-relianceiv摘要拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(1803-1882)是19世纪美国著名的思想家、演说家和诗人,超验主义的代表人物,其超验个人主义观点被誉为美国世俗宗教,林肯总统称其为“美国精神的先知”。他的超验个人主义思想,是在特定经济、政治和宗教环境下形成的,重视精神、张扬个性、相信人的潜力、主张自助,这些思想对美国的宗教、文化、民主社会都有着深远的影响。他的思想核心就是“自立”,即文化上的民族自立,文学上的个性自强和宗教上“精神至上”。就
