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1、LongSentences长句的翻译Focus英汉长句翻译的处理英译汉长句的翻译方法汉译英的长句处理Foreword“西文句中名物字,多随举随释,如中文之旁支,后乃遥接前文,足意成句。故西文句法,少者二三字,多者数十百言。假令仿此为译,则恐必不可通;而删削取径,有恐意义有漏。”——严复《天演论》译例言Foreword英汉语的语法结构不同,英语可随时插入定语等修饰成分,作进一步的阐述,而汉语则没有类似定语从句那样的结构,因此英译汉时,句子不易安排。对于那些长达数十百言的长句,直译固然不通,删减词句又会走失原
2、意,的确是左右为难。Foreword对于每一个英语长句,不只用一种翻译方法,而是多种翻译方法的综合运用。翻译长句时,首先,不要因为句子太长而产生畏惧心理,因为无论是多么复杂的句子,它都是由一些基本的成分组成的。其次要弄清英语原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思,然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系,再按照汉语的特点和表达方式,正确地译出原文的意思,不必拘泥于原文的形式。1.何谓长句?所谓长句,主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句,亦可指含义较多的简单句。Forew
3、ord汉语在表达复杂思想时,则多借助动词,按动作发生的顺序,或按逻辑顺序,逐层交代,层层铺开,给人以舒缓明快的感觉,因此,汉语的句子结构有如一根竹子,一节一节地连下去。2、英汉长句比较ForewordJustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory:thesimplefact,hithertoconcealedbyanovergrowthofi
4、deology,thatmankindmustfirstofalleat,drink,haveshelterandclothing,beforeitcanpursuepolities,science,art,religion,etc.;thatthereforetheproductionoftheimmediatematerialmeansofsubsistenceandconsequentlythedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentattainedbyagivenpeopleordu
5、ringagivenepochformthefoundationuponwhichthestateinstitutions,thelegalconceptions,art,andeventheideasonreligion,ofthepeopleconcernedhavebeenevolved,andinthelightofwhichtheymust,therefore,beexplained,insteadofviceversa,ashadhithertobeenthecase.Warm-upExamp
6、leJustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,soMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistory:thesimplefact,hithertoconcealedbyanovergrowthofideology,thatmankindmustfirstofalleat,drink,haveshelterandclothing,beforeitcanpursuepolities,scienc
7、e,art,religion,etc.;thatthereforetheproductionoftheimmediatematerialmeansofsubsistenceandconsequentlythedegreeofeconomicdevelopmentattainedbyagivenpeopleorduringagivenepochformthefoundationuponwhichthestateinstitutions,thelegalconceptions,art,andeventheid
8、easonreligion,ofthepeopleconcernedhavebeenevolved,andinthelightofwhichtheymust,therefore,beexplained,insteadofviceversa,ashadhithertobeenthecase.1Warm-upMarxdiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentofhumanhistoryjustasthesimple