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1、第八章英翻译技巧(五)正说反译反说正译正说反译、反说正译的应用不论是正说反译还是反说正译,究其原因归纳起来主要是:保证语义明确、加强修饰效果、尊重汉语习惯,保证译文通畅易懂。所谓反面表达,是指英语词句中含有“not”,“never”,“no”,“un-”,“im-”,“ir-”,“in-”,“less-”等否定成分,汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、“无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、“莫”、“毋”、“勿”、“非”等否定成份,不含这些成份的为正面表达。(一)正说反译的应用1.谓语动词或动词词组本身表示否定意义,常见的有:
2、Fail,fizzleout,fallshort,befrustrated,escape,elude,slipaway,stop,cease,overlook,ignore,neglect,refuse,grudge(怨恨,不情愿做),disdain,reject,turndown,forbid,prohibit,excludefrom,bar,ban,expire,beblindto,deny,avoid,omit,forget,preventfrom,liveupto,resist,miss,lack.Imissed
3、whatyouhavesaidbecauseofthenoiseoutside.由于外面的噪音,我没听清楚你说的话。Toourdisappointment,hefailedtotaketheoverallsituationintoaccount.使我们失望的是他不顾大局。Suchachancewasdeniedtome.我没有得到这样一个机会。2.介词或介词短语含否定之意,常见的词有:Above,against,below,beneath,beyond,insteadof,outof,without,butfor。Lea
4、rnhowtobeinsteadofdo.要学习如何做人,而不是做事。Thequestionisabovethefive-yea-oldboy.那个五岁的小孩不懂这个问题。Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.要是没有遇上暴风雨,我们会早到了。Allinternationaldisputesmustbesettledthroughnegotiationsinsteadofanyarmedconflicts.一切国际争端
5、应通过谈判而不是武装冲突来解决。3、一些固定结构也是形式肯定,意思否定,例如absent(from),freefrom,safefrom,different(from),farfrom,few,little,aliento,anythingbut,knowbetterthan(明白而不至于),too…to…,ratherthan,awkward(不熟练、不灵活、使用起来不方便),bad(令人不愉快的,不受欢迎的、不舒服的),blindto(看不到、不注意),dead(无生命的、无感觉的、不毛的),difficult(不容
6、易的),foreignto(不适于,与……无关),shortof(不足,不够),poor(不好的,不幸的),ignorantof(不懂)Heknowsbetterthantodosuchathing.他不至于干这样的事。Hisworkisfarfromsatisfactory.他的工作远远不能令人满意。Theproblemisanythingbuteasy.这个问题可决不容易。Heismorebravethanwise.他有勇无谋4.含有if,before,unless,wouldrather的从句或虚拟语气的句子,如:
7、Jumpdownfromtheroofofthebuilding.Ifyoudare.我猜你也不敢从房顶上跳下来。Shewilldieofhungerbeforeshesteals.他宁愿饿死也小愿去偷。IwouldratherdiebeforeIwouldbetraymycountry.我宁可死,也不背叛我的祖国。Thetroopswouldrathertakearoundaboutwaythantreadonthecrops.部队宁可绕道走,也不踩庄稼。5、许多英语习语从正面表达,习惯上却从反面加以翻译,如:Hewa
8、sutterlyinthedarkaboutwhathadhappenedinthedepartmentyesterday.他对昨天系里发生的事全然不知。Leavemealone!别管我!Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。Betterbetheheadofadogthanthetailofalion.