第8版医用物理学课后习题答案

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⚪Ḅ3-1☠᩽᧕!"#$%&'ὃ)*⍝,Ḅ-./&01234Ḅ-ᡠᜐḄ7ᙠ349☢;<=ᑣ?@ABCDE<=FG34-ḄDE=H᜜J-ḄDEKLM᧕NO☠P!஺3-6-ᙠ9☢RSḄ-7,&12TUᜐḄ9☢;7ḄᨬWᜐḄ3XTUᜐḄ?2msT,YᨬWᜐḄDEZ[?ᙠGᨬWᜐ]^=_-`R`Tᩭ஺b$ᵫdeឋghi%=$2%,ᨬWᜐḄ?V2H6m•8஽஺(85kPa)mᵫnoᑭghᙠ-7,ḄqᵨE+%t=v2+wxyᐭᦪ|1.01X105+0.5x1.0x103x22=P+0.5x1.0x103x622P=85(kPa)2FP?0.05IO-4#:Mᘤᑁ-☢.¨ᓣḄᨬᜧ0.Im,MᘤᑁḄ-¾ᡠ◤Ḅ411.2s஺1⚓ᐳ38⚓

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᪀᝞ᡠ஺ᜐḄ☢0ᜐ☢ᜧḄP!"Ḅ#P'U$Ḅ%#☢&'(ᵫ*+ឋ-.■12%=(஺/ì)%᪷8!"2P\-Pz=p'gh9(%:;ᐭ=>ᑭ-.3-2
⚪3-92p9=Pl=%($-V)=%*@A)/2p'ghr\CDQ=s=*ñò=*óI2p'gh^E:᪷8"CDᵨHp3-10ᵨõᡲ7÷ᐭ-,Ð-?:⛲ᜓᵨḄᑖ5X105.4X10-2m,-?஺(0.98m•s-1)
ᵫIᡲKᳮv==72x9.8x4.9x10-2=0.98(m•s-1)E:CM0.98m-s-103-11ᩩ"#3nlmḄ&'ᾭ)*ᦿ,ᑖ-./0123Ḅᨵᦔ"#2mm,⊈89ᙳ;50cm,s'1.>?(1)@A2ᜐḄ⊈89ᙳ;஺(0.22m-s-i)(2)EFEGHI8஺(FGHI8/JRe=350)(3)12ᜐḄ⊈8'MN஺(131Pa)Q(1)ᵫ*+ឋ-.S1%=S2V2,2ITxO.OO32xv,=ITx0.0022x0.5%=0.22(m,s*')(2)R=J05xOx0.5Z2xlO=350<1000ஹ)'713.0x10”ᦑOPQRSC஺(3)⊈#Ḅl.O5xl()3kg.m”,PU=%♦=0.5x1.05xlO3xO.52=131(Pa)E:VWXᜐ⊈CᙳM0.22m•st,⊈OPQRSCXᜐ⊈CU!131Pa0`2⚓ᐳ38⚓

23-1220࠷Ḅᙠ"#1X10-2mḄ9ᙳᒴᙊgᑁ8'/᝞jᙠgkᜐḄ8;0.Im-s-1,ᑣᵫnopឋ/rgs8'10mt/MNuvwxyz(40Pa){:8}ᙠ9~ᙊg8',8;"#ḄAᓄᐵV=`(R2-2),J0gkᜐ(r=O)8;=஺MNuvAP=᱅=4xl*yx0.1=4o(pa):MNuvw40Pa஺3-13Ḅ0.83X10-V-s-1,}ḄMN12.OkPa,>?0}Ḅ8-(ᓽ᜜ᕜ-)xyN.S-m-5,?{Q=¡¢"45ஹ¥஺“32:0}Ḅ8-1.45X108N•S•m-s஺3-14§ᭈ©Ḅo0.18Pa-s,8ªg«0.5mஹ"#1cmḄgs¬MN2X104pa,?ᐸ}¯8஺(8.7X10-4m3•s-1){Qᵫ°ᾓ²³´WAP3.14x2x104x(10-2)4=8.7xl0-4(m3s'1)8nL~8x0.18xO.5:}¯88.7x10-ஹz3-15Ꮇ᣸º/º»¼½MN40mmHgḄῴ¿Àªº⍝tᵫº⍝Â᣸/Ãĺ⍝«4cm,}¯821cm3.-i,ºḄo6.9X10-*Pa-s,?º⍝ḄᨵᦔÅ#஺s(1.4mm){Qᵫ°ᾓ²³´஺=ÆÇ8X6.9X10-4X4X10-2X21X10-6\1/4Èஹ3.14x40x0.133X103)72(mm)d=2R=1.4(mm):º⍝ḄᨵᦔÅ#L4mm஺3-16⊈ÊḄoḄ5Ë/᝞Ì72cmsTḄ9ᙳ8;ͪÎ'ᾭ/>ᵨÏÐÑÒᦪ1000ᩭ¼ÕᐸÖHI8Ḅ"#஺ÃÄḄo6.9X10-4pas஺(4.6mm){:⊈ÊḄ×1.05x103kg•m-,ᵫØᘂ/ÇrÚ_1000x069x10-3x5=4.6x10"3(m)=4.6(mm)pv1.05xlO3x0.72:ÖHI8Ḅ"#4.6mm஺3-17ÝÞ~ßàÌáâḄãÝ"#2.OXlO^mḄ&ᳫ/åḄ×1.09X10:!kg-m-3»>¼Õåᙠæçᵨèᙠ37࠷Ḅ⊈Êéê1cmᡠ◤Ḅí஺Ꮇ⊈î`3⚓ᐳ38⚓

3Ḅo1.2X10-3Pa-s,×1.04X103kg«m-3»᝞jᑭᵨòó;(᪗õ105gḄö;÷ø/ùéêú᪵ü÷ᡠ◤Ḅíýxyz(2.8X104sþ0.28s){:ᦈ
V|=^R2(p-a)g=-j-xl.2xlO_3x(2.OxiO'6)2x(1.09xlO3-1.04xlO3)x9.8=0.36xl0-6(m.-')9=2.8x104(8)ᑭᵨ"#$
32r&105gḄ*
+,-.v=yxl.2xio-3X(2.0x10-6)2x(1.09X103-1.04xio3)x105x9.82=0.36xl0''(m•s-1)“6=ᶢWB)::<=>ᙠ@ABᵨCḄCD.E&2.8x10%,ᙠ*
+,-HḄCD.E&0.28soI⚪KLKMNO4-1PQRSTNO?VWCᑡNORᔲ&STNOZ(1)[\ᳫ.ᳫḄ^C_O஺(2)"aᳫᙠbcdᜧḄᐝghᳫ☢jkḄal᤮O஺::STNORᨬopஹᨬ@⌕Ḅ"sNO஺tuvwxy☢z{STNOḄ|}஺(1)ᱥᙠឋឮA=-BᵨCḄNO,STNO஺(2)᝞ᱥḄ_Oᑖytuᑏᡂ-^yḄ_O&STNO஺(3)ᱥ_Oᐸ⊝Ḅtu⊤&.EḄ(ᡈ¡)¢ᦪ.ᓽx=4cos(¦+3)¨sNOSTNO஺u^©ª|}R«ᦔḄ஺ᡠuᙠ[\ᳫ.ᳫḄ^C_O&®STNOᐸᡠ¯᜜Aw±ᔠ=~kx¨"³´஺µ"aᳫᙠbcdᜧḄᐝghᳫ☢jkḄal᤮O¶·ᓫ᤮Ḅ_O,ᙠ¹daḄº»Cᐸ¯A±ᔠ=-᱐¨"³´½NOt⊤ᡂSTNOḄy¾¿,ᡠu&STNO஺4-2STNOḄ
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ÊRÄË?RᔲÆᕡḼÌὅÊRxyᔣÏ::¨wÆᕡḼÌὅÊRÄË,ÐwÆᕡḼÌὅyᔣÊx⌕ÑÒḄÓÔÕÖ×Âᓄᡂx"¡¢ᦪ¾¿ᓽx=Acos(a)t+3)v=-43sin(3£+3)(3£+3)+ÛÜL4⚓ᐳ38⚓

44-3ß"ªàNáḄNlâᜧᑮÌä.åᑖ᪆ÖḄCᑡᱥᳮèÕ¯ᑮPQéêZNOḄᕜìஹᨬᜧ
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Â⌕ð&óᩭḄ2äíèð&óᩭḄ4ä஺4-4õàḄ"ö÷ḄaᳫøxùBSTNONl&A,À.EḄᐵûtuᵨ¡¢ᦪ⊤஺ᙠt=஺.aᳫḄ_Oý᝱ᑖñ&পxf஺(2)⊝ᔣxᔣ஺A(3)x=ᜐᔣxᔣ஺(4)x=-^=ᜐᔣxᔣ஺ᔜ!"᝱Ḅ%&஺'((1)*£=0,4=-4.ᐭ0=4cos((yt+᜛)8cos(p=91,:;(2)*y0/=0»>0.ᐭ84cos(?)=0,-oxAsin(᜛)>0ᵫDEF'83=-TT/2(3)ᵫ஺=0,%=4/2Hv<0FK8ᑮ44cos(M)=—>-wAsin(P)<3QRFK'8(P=”/3(4)ᵫ=0/=4/&#>0FK8ᑮ44cos(M),-0FK'8Q=WTT/4X5⚓ᐳ38⚓

54-5\]9^_▭ḄabcdᨵfgḄ᝞iὃ⇋abḄfgablmḄlᕜo*᝞]pᓄr:ᵫ3ᨔᡠ᝞ὃ⇋#$Ḅ&',#$)*Ḅ)+ᕜ-./0஺4-69txuvwlḄᱥylz{5.0X10-2m,⚣᳛2.0Hz,ᙠt=0lᱥy⊝ᜐᔣxᔣl⊤E஺᝞ᱥyᙠt=o⊝ᜐᔣxᔣl⊤E஺[x=5.0X10-2cos(4Jtt—n/2)mx=5.OXlO^cos(4nt+it/2)m]:2⚪3456ᔜ'89:஺ᐜ8<=>?@)+ḄABᱯD'*ஹ3F3ᯠH.ᱯD'Iᐭ)+9:Ḅ᪗LMNᓄ?Pᡠ8Ḅ)+9:஺ᱯD'(4=5.0x10'2ma>=2irv=4ir;ᔣ/ST9ᔣU+V,w=ᔣ'SX9ᔣU+V
஺IY9:᪗LMNPx=5.0x10-2cos^4irt+-1-irjin4-79^ᱥyḄḄᐵ{x=0.10cos(2.5Ut+/3)m,((1)ᕜoஹ⚣᳛ஹ⚣᳛ஹlzH%&(2)t=2sᱥyḄஹH¡஺[(1)0.80s2.•s-11.25Hz0.10mn/3(2)-5X10-2m0.68m/s3.Im,s-2]:ᔣZST9ᔣU+VḄ)+9:4x=5.0x1஺-2(044\ᔣxSX9ᔣU+9:4x=5.0x10"cos(4]+y-jmo4-8D^¦ᔣஹ¦⚣᳛Ḅvwl⊤E{xi=4cos(3ᐔt+ᑍ/3)mHx=3COS(3nt-n/6)m,©ªḄᔠl⊤E஺2[x=5cos(3nt+0.128n)m]:ᐜᵫ^N8<ᔠ)+Ḅ)`ஹabIᐭ᪗L9:cPᑮᔠ)+9:஺A+32+2x4x3cos(---=54sin/+3sin(e(P=arctan------------------=0.128f4cos---+3cos^-g)ᔠ)+9:4x=5COS(3TT£+0.128ir)m:ᔠ)+9:44=5cos(3#+0.128ir)m4-9D^ablmu¦⚣᳛ஹ¦lzḄvwl஺X9^lmḄl⊤E{x°Acos(at+6),±X9^lm²lḄᔣ³ᑮ⊝X^lmាᙠᔣḄµ¶஺X^lmḄl⊤EHὅḄ&¸஺b2Acos(wt+6—ᐔ/2),Ad)=-n/2]X6⚓ᐳ38⚓

6':ᵫlḄ¼g½¾¿FÀ,X9^lm²lḄᔣ³ᑮ⊝R©Ḅ&d:Á=2KE+9ᵫ⚪ÅFÀX^lmḄ&{:Æ=2KÇQRὅḄ&¸{:Ag=᜛2-/=-É,X^lmḄl⊤E:Ê=4cos(3£+3-ir/2)஺4-10ᵫD^¦ᔣḄvwl((E?xKmËtKsË)X1=0.05cos(10t+3n/4),X2=0.06cos(lOt-n/4)(D©ªᔠᡂlḄlzH%&஺(2)ÎÏᨵ9vwlX3=0.07COS(10t+6),ᑖÑD^lÒ¡Ó஺{]Ô,X|+x(3Ḅlz{ᨬᜧ{]ÔX1+X3Ḅlz{ᨬØ஺Ù(1)1.OX10-2m,-n/4(2)±=2nJi+3n/4,n=l,2,…,X1+X3Ḅlz{ᨬᜧ,±=2nn+3n/4,n=l,2,…x+xḄlz{ᨬØÛ23'((1)ᔠlz{(A+4+2AAcos(^>-.ஹ)t22=/0.052+0.062+2xO.05xO.06co(-ir/4-3ir/4)8=1.0x102m%&(_14siÜÛ+Asin^22=tg-----------------------------AூcoÞ+42c°Ü2=-*r/4(2)ᨵàá¼g½FÀ±41ஹ%¦&ᓽ3=2n;+31=2ã77+3TT/4#=0,1,2,…äτ+ÞḄᔠlzᨬᜧ{A=4+A=0.05+0.07=0.12m2±xxå&ᓽ^>=(2n+l)ir+^2=(2n+I)ir=2nir+3n/4,n=0,1,2,…2y3+xḄᔠlzᨬØ{3A=A-A=0.01m325-1æçèᙠéê¦ëf©Ḅèìஹ⚣᳛H?íîïðñpᓄ?íîêïᦋprô:æçḄèḄ⚣᳛õèöḄឋfᨵᐵøùúḄëfûᐵᡠKæçèéê¦ëf,©Ḅ⚣᳛êïᦋp஺æçèᙠëf?ùúḄëfḄឋfᨵᐵ஺ᡠKᙠê¦ëf?èudpᓄḄ஺᪷þèìã="ÿᙠv“ᓄḄᦑ⚣᳛ḄᩭᙠAᓄᙠᜧḄḄᙠḄḄ஺5-2#$%$ᨵ'()%ὶ+,-:#$/$Ḅ᪷1$#$Ḅ23456ᑗὶ+ḼḄ,:;<Ḅ=$>?஺#$ᢣᓫBᱥD(F)ᡈᜧᙽᱥDḄJᑖ(FLḄBF)ᙠᐸN⊝PQ▬STᕜVឋ=$஺$ᢣᜧᙽᱥD(ᡈXYᵫ[ὶ+ḄFL)\1ᔣ᜜23_ᩭḄᕜVឋ=$஺ᙠ$23`abDᐗḄ$dஹfdghigjk,lmdnoឤ஺qrF#$gḄdnᐵ+tᐰ஺v7⚓ᐳ38⚓

75-3,$⊤|?}Acos[(w(t-x/u)+ট]x/u⊤,6⊤,?ᦋᑏᡂy=Acos[(3t3x/u)+6],ᑣ3x/u⊤,-:?⊤ᙶ᪗F”ḄFᙶ᪗FḄFḄ#$ᙠ¡¢£¤ḄUg¥ᓽFḄ#$§᝱([P)2ᑮXᜐᡠ◤Ḅg¥஺l⊤ᙶ᪗FXḄFU#$F£®Ḅ[P஺5-4°±²ᦪy=Acos(btcx),µ¶Ḅ#·ஹஹ⚣᳛%஺(A,b/c,b/2n,2¹/c)º:»⚪°±²ᦪ¶ᔜn஺ºq¾¿⚪ḄÀÁÂÃÃÄ°±Ḅ$ÂÅy=4cos(Æ-)²ᦪḄ᪗Ç>?y=/lcos2»ᯅ'-ÌÍÎÏᓽÐÑÒIc)-ᫀ஺Ḅ#·4,⚣᳛u=",A=u=Av=•=o21Tcc2TTC5-5ᨵᑡN☢ÜÝᙶ᪗Fᢥy=Acos(3t+6)Ḅßà#$஺°±A=0.10m,T=0.50s,ᐭ=10m஺µ¶å(1)²ᦪ⊤|?æ(2)ç[è2.5mḄ;FḄ[Péæ(3)Ꮇ᝞t=0gᜐìᙶ᪗FḄFḄ#$Píy஺=+0.050m,îᔣN⊝PQ=$¶ï[PÍᑏÒ²ᦪ஺[(l)y=0.lOcos[2Jt(2.Ot-x/10)+(2),Ji/2,(3)y=0.10cos[2n(2.0t-x/10)+n/3]m]º:»⚪°±ᔜn¶$ÂaᐸÂÃÄᨵᐵnóᐭ[ôḄ᪗ÇÂaᓄõᓽÑ(1)²ᦪy=4cosf)+=0.05=0.lOcos᜛EFGcoḺ=0.50,0=±—0KLMNGOM,ᡈὅ,ὅK8+G᪷St=0ᜐFᙶ᪗ḄUḄVWXYᩭ[\஺^_ᩩabcᡃ8efgUḄh.LM8iᔣk⊝VW8ᡠ*‘J+oUḄpWqḄrstuᙠefᜐFvw▲8yK9=+foFG|}ᦪ8=0.10COS[2TT(2.0t-)+-j-jmপ|}ᦪ.y=0.lOcos[2^2.0t-+w]mE(2)|2.5mḄ,Ḅv8⚓ᐳ38⚓

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287.5X10--X0.2X10-A==0.5x10m)=500(nm)3x1N:ᐝ500nm஺13-5ᙠᩰstuPv(Sw0.3m,⌕600mmḄᐝ2ᙠ=8w1mmḄᩩf=w(ᨵG(0.5m):⚪,ᵫ&=¥•£aAxrf1xlx10"x0.3x10-3n°==ߟ---=0-5(m)¨=©ª«.☙ᚖ/ᐭ-®e=lumḄↈ²஺²Ḅ³᳛1.375஺µ(a)ᐝᙠ²PḄ@·G(b)ᙠ²ᑁ2ewº»·G(c)I²v½W@¾¿ᙠ²☢8oḄᐝ_À²Á☢o2Âò☢ḄᐝḄSÄ·G(363.63mmÅ5.5Å10nᡈ12n)µ(1)ᐝᙠ²ᑁḄ500A--------È363.6(nm(2)ᙠ²ᑁ2ewºᑁ»ḄᦪÇz2e2x1xlO-6£ஹÌ)(3)²☢8oḄᐝ_À²Áo2Âò☢ḄᐝḄSÄ=Íx2ir-IT=2xlX1Q-*x1.375A"^OOxlO-9X2TT-TT=10irIÖ×ᜫÙ-ir,ᑣÛ3=121rNµ(1)ᐝᙠ²ᑁḄ363.6nmÅ(2)ᙠ²ᑁ2ewºᑁ»5.5Ì;(3)ÝS13-7ᵨ4eᱥàáᙠâᴻ8520nmḄᐝoᨬ·஺IâᴻḄᢚ᳛1.50,4eᱥàᢚ᳛1.30,áᨬæ®஺(lOOnm):ᵫ0vçoWᨵÖ×ᜫvçoᐝèSéêḄᩩë@2ì=(2fc-l)A/2,ᡠáḄᨬæ®(Ùfc=l)€=A=^7r30=100(nrn)N:áᨬæ®lOOnm013-8âᴻᒨïᢚ᳛n=1.52ஹA=589.3nmḄðᐝᚖ/ᐭ.ñSòᩩfwL=5.0mm,ᒨïᜳR஺(8஻):ᵫL=A⚪öA589.3xIO-9=38.8xl0-6rad=2^-2x1.52x5.Ox10-3{29⚓ᐳ38⚓

2913-9ᵨᓫ⁐ᐝ%&ùúûñüeûḄ/ý3.00mm,1᜜☢{5Ìeû/ý4.60mm,Uÿ
Ḅ᳛1.03m,ᓫ⁐ᐝḄ஺(590nm):f⚪g,a=1.50(mm),r=2.30(mm)i+5_(2.3()2-L502)Xi஺"=5x1.03=0.590x10-6(m)=590(nm)j:kᓫ⁐ᐝn#590nm஺ᨩ!"Ḅ#$2mm,ᓫ&'(஺(0.589mm):᪷f⚪gᵫABAx=pqIbaa="r=2x1X58-X^0/=5.89xl0-4(m)JAx2x10-3ᓽᓫtḄu,0.589mmj:ᓫtu,0.589mm஺13-11ᓫ⁐ᐝᚖ,ᐭ.ᓫ&/ᐸ1.Ḅ234Ḅ56ា8600nmḄᓫ⁐ᐝ:.;&<1.Ḅ2=456>ᔠ/@;ᓫ⁐ᐝḄ஺(428.q᪷f⚪g,ᵫAB°8in6=±(24+1)/b(2ki+l)y=(2/C+l)y2wL=3=2,ᐭ2=600nm(2x2+1)42ᑣA,=(2ᓃ+1)(2x2+1)x600=428.6(nm)(2x3+1)ᓽkᓫ⁐ᐝḄn#428.6nmj:kᓫ⁐ᐝḄn#428.6nm013-12ᵨ500nmḄᓫ⁐ᐝ/ᚖ,᯿.ᑮ'(0.5mmḄᓫ&F/ᙠ&H6ᯖ#0.8mḄJ
/@KFLMNOᐸP4Ḅ'஺(16X10-3m8.0xl(T1m)f⚪gA=500nm=500xl0-9m,a=0.5mm=0.5x10-3m,/=0.8m,^z{Ḅu,Ax=2f——2xO.80xxjg=1.6x10"3ma0.5xlO-3ᵫ9cfaiiiBVWḄᓭ᩵Zᵞ\*8VW*ᵫ6b^ḄI”ᵞ_᝞abᔁᾢ*Qc~in-4~230⚓ᐳ38⚓

3013-13gᓫ⁐hiᐝᚖ,ᐭ.ᑮjkl500ᩩ&Ḅᐝ᪕F/ᡠᡂ=q8rᐭ.sᔣᡂ30°v/஺(500nm)3w:y⚪{/=}Sm,"3O஺,k=2OUvᵫᐝ᪕sdsinB=ikX.dsin஺1x10-3xsin30°_ஹஹnin6/A----5QQ.2----=0.5x10°(m)=500(nm):;ᓫ⁐ᐝ500nmo13-14gᐝᚖ,ᐭ.ᐝ᪕/᝞ᐸLᐝḄ38600nmḄᐝḄ=>ᔠ/ᐝḄ஺(400ᘂ:=3=2=600y⚪{ᵫᐝ᪕sdsin6=±kXkuᐭ\=42A,=^=^^=400(nm):;ᐝḄ400nm஺13-15ᵨ589nmḄᐝ/ᚖ,:.ᑮjkl500ᩩ&Ḅᐝ᪕F/ᨬᑮ2¡4ᩩ¢-(3)w:y⚪{d=—m,A=589nm=5.89x10-7mDUUᵫᐝ᪕sdsind=±Aᐭ,_dsinjA¨sind.Lvd1X10-3....——----------------=3.4A500x5.89x10-7:ᨬᑮ234ᩩ஺13-16©ᙽ«¬ᱏḄ.®¯ᡂ90°v/ᙠ°±!"²ᐭ³«¬ᱏ/´°Ḅ.®82ᱏḄ.®ᜳvev஺.ᔣ2«¬ᱏḄ·ᯠᐝ¹(I,»¼3ᙽ«¬ᱏHḄᐝ¹஺(a)0=45°(b)஺=30°஺(1/831/32)00w:»¼3ᙽ«¬ᱏḄᐝ¹ᑖÀA&ஹh,᪷yÂᔧÄÅÆ/Ç(1)6=45஺

3113-17©ᙽ«¬ᱏḄ.®¯Ðᚖ,/ᙠ°±!"²ᐭ©ᙽ«¬ᱏ/´ÐÑ©ᱏ«¬ᱏ.®Òᜳ30°v஺᝞ᐭ.Ḅ·ᯠᐝ¹(1°,»¼ᡠᨵ«¬ᱏHᐝḄ¹(஺Ô0.21IoÕw:»¼«¬ᱏḄᐝ¹Ö×4444,᪷yÂᔧÄÅÆ/[=ஹ/2=/1cos?30஺ஹI=/COS230°32ᐺI4=Ú஺஺5Û=^4XCOS230°X€03230°xCOS2300=*Ü=0.21/°:»¼ᡠᨵ«¬ᱏHḄᐝ¹0.21/஺஺Ç·ᯠᐝÝÞᏸÄᱯvᐭ.ᑮáᴻḄF⊤☢

3216-2IJKXḄMN?IJKXḄPN?᝞RS⁚U:XḄMNKᢣᓫXYZᑁ\]^-ᔣᚖ%ḄᓫX☢bḄ'"c஺\dS⁚efᵯgᩭᦋjkᵯglmᦋjXḄMN஺XḄPNKᢣXḄnop⚞rstXḄuv(ᓽᓫxᐝḄ"c)m^ᐝᦪ4{ᐵ஺\dS⁚kᵯ}ᩭ~ᑴXḄPN஺16-3IJKᑗ'?XḄᨬuvK᝞RḄUᵯgᙠ□᩽☰ᑮᑴYᵯᙠ᪶ḄMᵯᵨNḄc-ᔣញᒓjᓄᑖ"ᓄᐝḄ"c'¡¢£¤K¥'஺¦kᵯ}§ᵯᵯce,ᑣᵯᐹᨵḄᨬᜧ"eU,£2Kᐝ3"ᐹᨵḄᨬᜧ"c¬%"XḄᨬuvA*¤Kv¯°±Ḅu᩽▲஺16-4᪗µXK᝞RḄ?^ᐝ¶ᐝḄᨵR·(U:ᵯ¸ᐭ☰ᑁY᝞º^»xḄᑁ¼ᵯM½ᵨ¤ᨵ3"¾¿ᵯlῃ¡Á,ᙠḄᑁ¼ᵯ¡ÂxÃX஺᝞ºÄᡭ¡¢ḄÆK¼ᵫ.ᑣáᩭḄÈÉÊË᪍T..MᡈÎ᜜¼Ḅᵫ.ᓟᵪÒÓ᪍.Ôᙠὶ᩷×ᳮÙ¡᪗µX஺᪗µXḄᐝ¶ᐝḄÚÛÜÝᙠᐝ¶ᐝK᜜¼ᵯ0Þᡠ',m᪗µXKᑁ¼ᵯ0Ḅáº஺16-5XᨵãäåpឋçU£äåpឋçᙠXḄ±ᵨᔜᨵRéêU:XḄåpឋçᨵᵯëᵨஹ₯ᐝᵨஹᐝᓄ¶ᵨஹᱥᦔ±nop⚞ï஺ᑭᵨᵯëᵨ3ᑴñcXMNḄòᘤdᵨ'ᑺcḄñõ;ᑭᵨX°öᱥçḄ₯ᐝᵨ÷øXù]úûÞᡠᡂḄýþlmÿ
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X᤬;ᱥᦔᶭḄẠ!ὅ#$■&Ḅ'(ᑭᵨXḄ)*+⚞-./ᱥ012ᔾᦈ56Ḅ./ᙠ
Xஹ᤬-■&஺16-6>?@!ḄXB!ᵯD250kV,ᵯK40mA,ᎷPQXḄᦔ᳛0.7%,V☰XᑖZ[Q\]^_`(595.8kJ)f:hi=U/t=250x103x40xlO_3x60=600(kJ)(kQXḄᦔ᳛k0.7%,ᡠXḄm_99.3%nok^ᓽ☰XᑖZ[QḄ^_஺=qi/99.3%=596(kJ)r:☰XᑖZ[QḄ^_ᨵ596kjo16-7tXuḄBᵯDk80kV,vwᐝxḄᨬᜧm_-XḄᨬ{|}஺(1.28X10-MJ,0.0155nm)f:J=et/=1.6xlO-19x8OxlO3=1.28xlO-u(J).L2421.242ஹA^=urkvy=_8o-=(nm)r:ᐝxḄᨬᜧm_k1.28x10-14J,XḄᨬ{|}k0.0155nme16-8>ᓫ⁐Xᐭᨔ☢k0.281nmḄᓫᨔᓄḄᜩᯠᨔ☢>]ᑮ4.1°ᑮᗓPXḄ|}஺(0.04nm)f:᪷¢2dsin6=AA/ᵫ⚪¥>]ᑮ4.1஺ᑮᗓ,ᡠ=1,(¦§ᑮA=2dsine=2x2.81xsin4.1°=0.4(A)¨33⚓ᐳ38⚓

3316-9X¬⊦⌕¯°±²³´µ¶6]ᑮ'ᩭḄ1%?(6.6)f¹t◤⌕¯°n²³´µ¶6]ᑮ'ᩭḄ1%ᑣᨵ(1/2)"=1%¼½¾1ᦪ-rdg2=-2vw§n=6.6r:⌕¯°6.6²³´µ,¶6]ᑮ'ᩭḄ1%஺16-10tÀ6k3g•cm3Ḅᱥ01ÄÅᓫ⁐XḄ0_⊦Æᦪk0.03cm2•ÇᑖÈ*°É6k1mm.5nmi-1cmḄᔾᦈµËḄ¶6k'ᩭ¶6ḄÌᑖᦪ஺(99.1%,95.6%,91.4%)f¹ᵫ=WP§jj,="■Xp=0.03x3=0.09(cm-I)᪷¢/=/ΔX)ulmm/,//=Ie-“=e0᝞=99.1%0oÑu5mm1/1=16^=e-°WxOS=95.6%200Ó=10mmI/IMe”=e-0Wx,=91.4%3or:ᑖÈ*°É6k1mஹ5mm-1cmḄᔾᦈµËḄ¶6k'ᩭ¶6Ḅm99.1%.95.6%ஹ91.4%஺16-111|}k0.154nmḄXÔḄ⊦Æᦪk132cn)T,ÖḄ⊦Æᦪk2610cnr,»⌕-1mmÉḄÖµ§ᑮÙ/Ḅ■&ᦔÚÔÛḄÉ6k\ᜧ`(19.8mm)fÜ/=Ý-Þ§e-#àᶇÝe-"᧊”»ᡠ=t--Xn=19.8(mm)NAIr:ÔÛḄÉ6k19.8mm஺16-12>Ék2Xl(?3mḄåᱏmçᓫ⁐xḄ¶6é'ᩭḄ1/5,ÇåḄឋ⊦Æᦪ-³´µ஺(8.05cm-1,0.086cm)¨34⚓ᐳ38⚓

34f¹ᵫÄ=Ý"=1/5/°,§e"=i/5,ëÉ62x10”ìᐭ§஻=—τï-3=8.05x102m=8.05cmx2x10ðñmQ.6930.693,³´µx=-----=5k=°n஺0n8o6cml/2fta.05r:åḄឋ⊦Æᦪk8.05cm”,³´µk0.086cm஺16-13X-CTóôõX᤬Ḅᡂ÷øùᨵú./`f:ôõX᤬¶6ᙳᒴḄX°ý./þÿ
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ᯠ9:ᐸ8஺16-14X-CT8JKL(☢ḄMNᱥᳮPḄQRᑖ?ST:KL(☢ḄᱥVWXḄឋᔾᦈ[ᦪ஺16-15^ᨵ-2X28a▣
ᐸcdḄCT3e5ஹ7ஹ6ஹ2,hᵨiᢗjk9:18la▣஺2
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3516-16ḄXḄ⊦u[ᦪe0.77cm1Ḅ⊦u[ᦪe1.02cm-l,K3e1000,ḄCT3஺ḄCT3஺(324.5Hu)(77T:CT3=1000xp-^^-j=324.5(Hu):ḄCT3e324.5Hu016-17MN¡S¢¡e4OOHuw8OOHu,ᑣ8a▣cd¥¦§Ḅᮞ©ᡠW«ḄCT3ᑖ§¬S^®¯ᘤ₯ᐝḄᮞ¥ᑖe16-°஺16-17MN¡?¢¡ᑖ§e400Huw800Hu,ᑣ8a▣cld¥¦§Ḅᮞ©ᡠW«ḄCT3ᑖ§¬?^®¯ᘤ₯ᐝḄᮞ¥ᑖe16-°஺(25Hu,50Hu)T:ᙠ³ᢈµc
ᘤᡠᡠḄCT3·¡஺¢¡e4OOHu,ᑣ¥¦§ḄCT3e400Hu/16=25Hu¹¢¡e8OOHu,ᑣ¥¦§ḄCT3e800Hu/16=50Huo16-18MN»?¢¡e500Hu,³▲e400Hu,ᑣ»e¬?¥L(ḄCT3·¬S(150Hu,—100-400Hu)T:»ᢣᘤḄc¿CT3»À஺»=(400-100)/2=150Hu¥L(ḄCT3·-lOOHu~400HuÂ⚪ᓝÅ~ᓝÅÆ;Ç᪶wÉឋ17-145Ê-211;Ç᪶Ëᔠᡂ-4He;Ç᪶ÏÉḄÐP(ÑMeVeᓫ»)஺T:ÕÖ2H;Ç᪶ḄVPm(JH)=2.014102u4He;Ç᪶ḄVPm(4He)~4.002603uÊ-2H;Ç᪶Ëᔠᡂ-'He;ÇḄVPÙÚed/n=2m(2H)-m(4He)=4.028204u-4.002603u=0.02560iuAE=Amc2=0.02S601x931.5=23.85MeVᣎ:ÏÉḄÐPe23.85MeV஺'âã“å1I11U1ᑜ/JJ³;èé³³êᓃ஺UO1U"U}ì.DUO,mol-1)Tí(1)ᙠVÐᐵ[ïc,᝞ñVPÙÚAmÑueᓫ»,AEÑMeVeᓫ»,ᑣ4.73x10-6AE=5.08x10'9u931.5931.5(2)lmolòᑖÇḄËᔠÐ(1eV=1.602x1O-WJ)E=4.73x1.602x10",9x6.022xlO23=4.563x105J-mol-1:VPÙÚe5.08xI0-9u¹lmolòᑖÇḄËᔠÐe4.563x105J•moL.17-3h45᧱᪶wò;Ç᪶ḄËᔠÐwùᙳËᔠÐ஺(Mí2.23MeV,1.11MeV¹ûí28.28MeV,7.07MeV)TíÕÖ஻=32gBmol,JV=6.022xlO^jnol',T=14.3d,m-1fig=1.0x10~6gA(1)A=0.693/7=0.693/14.3=4.85xl0'2d',ফ-ÿ
=20.63d0.693./o.693x1.0xI஺-"x6.022x=1.06xlO,oBq~Tfi=14.3x24x60X60732:PḄ⊦#$ᦪ&485xID"/*+ᙳ-.&20.63d.lw?132PḄ23ឋ56736⚓ᐳ38⚓

36:1.06x1()1°;<஺17-432PḄ=⊦>:14.3d,?@ABḄ⊦#$ᦪXC+ᙳ-.*lug132PḄ23ឋ5F:GH;<(Bq)?(4.85x10-2#),20.63d,1.06xl0'°Bq)NOPT=8.O4d,t=(12x24+9)h,t=(30x24+15)hl2At=i-t,=(30x24+15)-(12x24+9)=438h2A=Ae'A'=5.6x10®*e"693ஹ43sze1.16xlO8Bqo:ᑮ30^_ᓤ3aᐸ5F&1.16xKT;<17-5বIḄ=⊦>:8.04d,eᙠ12^gᓤ9ahia&5.GxlO^BqḄবI,ᑮlᨴ30^_ᓤ3a*23ឋ5FnᨵGHp(1.16xlO8Bq):qrsᔆuvwlidx*yl᪵{|◤~3qr&xml,ᑣ=4x0.5AN30.5A/A=0.5x*"=0.5xe0693x!,/804=1.30ml0:yl᪵{|◤~3L30ml17-6ᑭᵨবIḄqryᵬ{|*ᙠqrsᔆa◤~30.5mlwWilḄ=⊦>&8.04d)o᝞qrsᔆxuvwlid,yl᪵{|◤~3GHqrp(1.30md):qrsᔆuvw11dx*yl᪵{|◤~3qr&xml,ᑣA,=AxO.5oA=/1⍗-Ḅ73=0.5A/A=0.5xeᡂ஻=0.5xe0693x11/804=1.30ml0:yl᪵{|◤~31.30ml17-73HḄ᪵Ḅ23ឋ5F&3.7xlO2Bq,e᪵3HḄiᨵGHp17-73HḄ᪵Ḅ23ឋF&3.7xl()2Bq,e᪵3HḄiᨵGHp:OP3HḄ=⊦>&12.33a,ᓽN7=12.33x365x24x60x60s=3.888x108s,jit=3g•mol-10.693mM4=AN=iὡ{ATu_3.7xl()2X3.888xIO11x3tn—,----23=1.03x10-12g-0.693G=~0.693x6.022xlO:᪵%i&1.03xl0-12gNOP4=2.24x1014Bq,T=5.27x365x24x60x60=1.662x108sᵫ(17-21)P2.24x1014BqḄ60co©ᡠḄ«¬ᦪ&AAT2.24xlO14x1.662xlO8.2®"=¯-------0^93---------=5.37x10N5.37x1022Q”RII17;4m=N~=-6-.-0--2-2-x--1-0x2360=5.35g5:²³a´µ¶ᩖ¸*ᐸ¸i&5.35g,¹▭g»ᵨ60co©¼¼ᨵᐸB᪶¾*ᦑ¹▭¸iÀ5.35gÁ஺17-9ÂÃὅÅÆmiÇᶭᵬÉÊËÌÍ*ÎÏᵬ¹▭ᔾᦈ100uCiḄবI,ᐸᨵᦔ=⊦>Ô&5d(ÕÖᡠ×Ḅᨵᦔ=⊦>:ᒹÙ⊦#C᣸ÛÜÝ*Þßᑁ23ឋáH=Ḅaâ)*⊦#aãsḄB3äḄ+ᙳÊi&200keV,ᐰèᙠᵬᑁᔾᦈ*T3äḄᔾᦈ<éᶍ*?@AᵬëìḄᑺi஺737⚓ᐳ38⚓

37(73.8Gy)NOPm=lg=KT3kg,7=5d*B3äḄ+ᙳÊiE=200keV=3.2xlO-“Jᵫòó=ᐭõ="ö*;஺õ=÷᪷ùᔾᦈᑺiḄúûD_dE_&E_3.2xIO-14x100x3.7xlO4x5x24x60x60=73.8Gydmm0.693m0.693x1xlO-3:ᵬëìḄᑺi&73.8Gy17-10üý23ឋ᪶¾Ḅ=⊦>ᑖÿ8d6h,ឋᱥḄឋᐸឋᱥḄmolᦪ!"#(32")):-A,A=AN2+,+-F2-6-012:ឋᱥḄmolᦪ32"17-115308Ḅ7ឋ᪶9:ᨵ5.0gU0,@Aᐸឋ஺38(5.24x104Bq))GH5ḄᑖJK238x3+16x8=842,ᐸUᓰO/=84.8%RS5gUOḄUḄKzn=5x84.8%=4.24g38UḄWJ᪶ᦪN=Xx6.022x1023UḄY⊦[r=4.5xl09a,A=0.693/T᪷bឋcḄde,f5:5=——h93…—4.24x^2x10-x=5.24x10"Bq4.5x109x365x24x60x602382:UḄ᪶9Ḅឋc5.24x104Bq17-12226Ra222RnWJKᑖj226.02536u222.01753u,WJK4.002603u,@A226Ra⊦l222ᓽn⊦loQᜧ#(4.869MeV))uRaḄ⊦lwxuyRa-^Rn+{He+Qm("Ra)=226.02536u,m(222Rn)=222.01753u,m(4He)=4.002603u}wxu~G(2=Ame2=[226.02536-(222.01753+4.002603)]x931.5=4.869MeV2G⊦lo4.869MeV038⚓ᐳ38⚓