词汇学复习题(完整版).doc

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1、(最终完整版)I.DefinetheFollowingTerms.1.MorphemeMorpheme(语素):theminimalmeaningfulunit(thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords)2.allomorphAllomorph(语素变体):isadifferentvariantformofamorpheme，differinphonologicalandspellingform,butatthesameinfunctionandmeaning.Oneofth

2、evariantsthatrealizeamorpheme3.boundmorphemeBoundMorpheme(粘着语素):Aboundmorphemeisonethatcannotstandbyitself.4.freemorphemeFreemorphemes:Thosewhichmayoccuralone,thatis,thosewhichmayconstitutewordsbythemselves,arefreemorphemes.5.AffixAffixisthecollectivetermforthetypeoffo

3、rmativethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme.6.inflectionalaffixInflectionalaffixes(屈折词缀)(inflectionalmorphemes):affixesattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectional7.derivationalaffixDerivationalaffixes(派生词缀)A)prefix:Aprefixcomesbefore

4、words.B)suffixaprefixorsuffixaddedtoarootorstemtoformanotherword,asun-inunread,-nessinlikeness8.rootArootisthebasicformofawordwhichcannotbefurtheranalyzedwithouttotallossofidentity.9.stemAstemisthesurpluspartafterthecuttingofinflectionalmorphemeinawordwithinflectionalm

5、orphemes,canbefurtheranalyzed,itsometimescouldbearoot.10.ReferenceReferenceistheconventionalorarbitraryrelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.Partofthewordmeaningisthereference.11.Motivation(理据)：Motivationreferstotheconnectionbetweenthelinguisticsymbolanditsmeaning.Mos

6、twordsarenon-motivated.12.Conceptualmeaning(概念意义):alsoknownasdenotativemeaning(外延意义)Conceptualmeaningisoftendescribedasdictionarymeaningorliteralmeaningofaword.Itisthecoreofthemeaningofaword.13.grammaticalmeaning（语法意义）:indicatethegrammaticalconcept(becomeimportantonlyi

7、nactualcontext)Grammaticalmeaningreferstothatpartofmeaningwhichindicatesgrammaticalrelationshipsorfunctions,suchastensemeaning,singularmeaning,etc14.associativemeaningAssociativemeaning(关联意义):AccordingtothesemanticanalysisofGeoffreyLeech,theassociativemeaningofanexpres

8、sionhastodowithindividualmentalunderstandingsofthespeaker.1.Hyponymy(上下义关系)Hyponymydealswiththerelationshipofsemantic