招标相关知识和招标合同文件-毕业论文外文翻译

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1、大连海洋大学本科毕业设计外文翻译Biddingrelatedknowledgeanddocumentscomprisingthecontract1.PublicandprivatesectorsBiddingpracticesofthepublicandprivatesectorsoftheindustrydiffertremendously.Thetermpublicinthiscontextmeansthattheconstructionworkisfinancedbypublicfundsintheformoftaxdollarortheproceedsfromthesaleofm

2、unicipal,state,orfederalbonds.Publicandprivateworkhavedifferentbidrules.Publicconstructioncontractsareadvertisedandletinaccordancewiththebiddingstatutesandotherlegislativelymandatedrulesoftheparticulargovernmentalentitythatispayingfortheinstructionwork.Forinstance,whentheworkisfinancedwithfederal

3、funds,thelawsandregulationspromulgatedbyfederalagenciesandbodiesgoverntheprocessofadvertisingandawardingconstructioncontracts.Similarly,state,county,andmunicipalgovernmentshavestatutesandregulationsthatgovernwhentheirfundsareusedtopayforthecostofthework.Inaddition,specialgovernmentalorquasi-gover

4、nmentalbodiessuchassewerorrapidtransitdistrictsareoftenestablishedbyspecialenablinglegislation.Theenablinglegislationusuallyprovidesdefinitiverulesforadvertisingandawardingtheconstructioncontractsrequiredtocarryoutthemissionoftheparticularspecialbodyinvolved.Unlikepublicowners,privateownerscanest

5、ablishwhateverrulesthattheywant.Theyalsocanchangetherulesatwillwiththeresultthattheserulesarenotnecessarilyobserved.Althoughthepublicownerhastheabilitytosetparticularrulesandtochangethembyissuinganaddendumtothebiddingdocuments,thepowerisseverelyregulated.Abiddocumentaddendumisamodificationtothebi

6、ddingdocumentsformallyissuedbytheownertoallholdersofbiddingdocumentsbeforebidsarereceived.Inthepublicsector,theremustbeareasonabletimeperiodfromtheissuedateofthelastaddendumissuedandthedateoftheopeningtoensurethatallbiddershavesufficienttimetoreflectproperlytheimportoftheaddendumintheirbids.Bidde

7、rsarerequiredtolistonthebidformalladdendareceivedfortheirbidstobeconsideredresponsive.Failuretolistaddendamayresultinthebidbeingrejected.Intheprivatesectoranythingcanhappen,whereasinthepublicsectortheresultwillusuallyb